人工膝关节表面置换术近期疗效观察

目的评估膝关节表面置换术的近期疗效,分析主要并发症发生的原因和预防方法。方法回顾分析自2010年1月~2013年12月在我院初次接受膝关节表面置换术的63例70膝患者资料,比较并分析术前和随访时患膝KSS和HSS评分、关节活动度检查等数据。结果通过各个时间段随访及X线检查结果的观察,正位片示膝关节人工假体位置安放好,关节间隙平衡;侧位片示人工关节假体大小合适,胫骨假体后倾角度良好,股骨假体包裹效果好。术后腓总神经麻痹2例,于术后4~6个月逐渐恢复。5例患者术后关节活动度较差,为(0~60±10)°,术后2~3周在强镇痛药物辅助下行手法松解处理;髌前痛1例,术后4个月经关节镜下行髌骨外侧支持带松解术后症状解除。随访时膝关节表面置换术后HSS及KSS评分均较术前显著提高。膝关节活动度从术前的(78.3±18.6)°提高至术后的(109.2±19.9)°(P0.O1)。结论初次人工膝关节表面置换术对于消除膝关节疼痛,改善关节的活动功能效果明显,术后近期的并发症发生率低。

Clinical observation on short-term effects of primary total knee arthroplasty

Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of total knee arthroplasty （ TKA） , and to detect the causes and prevention of major complications. Methods It was a retrospective study since January 2010 to December 2013. There were 63 patients with 70 knees re-ceived primary TKA. KSS knee scores, HSS knee scores, and range of motion （ ROM） before the operation and during the follow-up were as-sessed and analysed. Results According to the results of follow-up and the X-ray observation, the anteroposterior radiographs showed that the artificial prosthesis were placed well and the joint gap were balanced;the lateral radiographs showed that the artificial joint prosthesis we-rer of appropriate size, good tilt angle, and good package effect. There were two cases developed peroneal nerve palsy and they gradually re-stored in 4 to 6 months after surgery. 5 cases were of poor postoperative ROM （0-60 ± 10）°. Strong analgesic medication-assisted release were conducted in 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. 1 case had patellar pain and resorted by arthroscopic lateral ligament of patellar releasing sur-gery. During the follow-up period, TKA significantly improved HSS and KSS scores compared to preoperative scores. ROM was increased from （78. 3 ± 18. 6）° preoperatively to （109. 2 ± 19. 9）° postoperative （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion TKA was effective to release knee pain, improve ROM and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.