急性肾损伤269例

目的 探讨儿童急性肾损伤(AKI)的病因、临床特点及治疗方法,以助于早期诊断及制定合理的治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析269例AKI患儿的临床资料.分析儿童AKI的病因分布.并探讨其病史、临床表现、实验窒检查、肾损伤分期与预后的相关关系.结果 AKI患儿平均年龄6.06岁.肾前性AKI 34例(占12.6%,依次为腹泻50.0%,新生儿HIE 23.5%,烧伤11.8%),肾实质性AKI 165例(占61.3%,依次为肾病综合征21.8%,非链球菌感染后肾炎14.5%,感染13.9%,SLE 12.1%),肾后性AKI 70例(占26.0%,依次为结石81.4%,膀胱输尿管返流28.6%,肿瘤梗阻7.1%,肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻5.7%,细菌栓塞及后尿道瓣膜各1.4%).死亡2例(肾实质性AKI),未愈48例,好转142例,治愈77例.不同年龄段患儿的病因分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),新生儿AKI主要为肾前性原因(65.4%),婴幼儿期以肾后性AKI(58.3%)为主,学龄前及学龄儿主要为肾性AKI(61.9%,86.2%).其预后与原发肾脏疾病类型、AKI分期、病史长短及是否伴有少尿、蛋白尿相关(P<,a><0.05).结论 新生儿AKI主要为肾前性AKI,婴幼儿期主要为肾后性AKI,学龄前及学龄儿主要为肾性AKI.预后主要取决于原发肾脏疾病类型、病情分级、病史长短及是否伴有少尿、蛋白尿.早期诊断、早期冶疗有助于改善预后,提高生存率.

Acute Kidney Injury in 269 Children

Objective To investigate the etiology,clinical manifestations and therapy of acute kidney injury(AKI),in order to assist the earlier diagnosis and proper treatment.Methods The clinical data from 269 children with AKI were retrospectively analyzed.The distribution of causes of AKI was analyzed.The relationships between the course of AKI,clinical manifestations,laboratory data,the degree of AKI and prognosis were investigated.Results The mean age of AKI patients was 6.06 years old.Thirty-four children were wi...