脑预适应保护研究进展

卒中是第3位常见的致死原因,给社会和经济带来沉重的负担。针对卒中的治疗多集中在
急性期,而卒中恢复期的治疗尚无有效方法。有关药物治疗或无效或存在不良影响,相应的神经保
护和大脑修复仍然是主要的尚未实现的医疗需求。近年来,大脑保护自身免受伤害性刺激以及修复
内源性修复损伤越来越受关注。其中,对预适应的研究（也被称为诱导耐受性）已产生多种有希望治
疗急性颅脑损伤的方法。一方面,预适应可以识别那些被诱导出的内源性保护或再生机制;另一方面,
对于那些预期会发生缺血性事件的人群（如接受过脑部手术、短暂性脑缺血发作或蛛网膜下腔出血
的患者）,预适应可以作为一种治疗手段来诱导出耐受性。

The Progress of Cerebral Preconditioning

Stroke is the third most common cause of death after heart attack and cancer and
has profound negative social and economic effects. Treatments for stroke are more concentrated
in the acute period of stroke, and there is no effective method in the recovery period of stroke.
Pharmacological treatments are either ineffective or confounded by adverse effects, and
neuroprotection and brain repair in patients after acute brain damage are still major unfulfilled
medical needs. Recently, endogenous mechanisms by which the brain protects itself against noxious
stimuli and recovers from damage are being studied. Research on preconditioning, also known
as induced tolerance, has resulted in various promising strategies for the treatment of patients
with acute brain injury. On the one hand, preconditioning can identify endogenous protective or
regenerative mechanisms that can be therapeutically induced. On the other hand, preconditioning
could be used as a therapeutic technique by inducing tolerance in individuals in whom ischemic
events are anticipated, such as high-risk surgical cohorts or patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
or transient ischemic attack.