嗅鞘细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

脊髓损伤是一种高致残性神经系统损伤性疾病,目前仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法。研究证实嗅鞘细胞是促进脊髓损伤后神经再生的理想种子细胞之一。嗅鞘细胞能通过分泌作用、与星形胶质细胞相互作用、调节炎症反应、迁移特性、髓鞘形成作用、抗氧化作用、脂质调节作用等方式或特性促进轴突的萌发及定向延长,从而发挥神经保护以及神经修复作用。近年来,一些研究利用生物工程、组织工程、重编程等技术从不同方面增强了嗅鞘细胞的疗效,从而为优化脊髓损伤的细胞治疗提供了新的治疗策略。本文将对嗅鞘细胞修复脊髓损伤的机制加以总结,同时归纳近些年优化嗅鞘细胞治疗脊髓损伤策略的研究进展,为进一步开发脊髓损伤后神经修复潜能提供新的研究思路,优化脊髓损伤的细胞治疗效果。

Advances in olfactory ensheathing cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury is a highly disabled neurological disease,and there is still a lack of effective treatments. Studies have proved that olfactory ensheathing cells are one of the ideal seed cells for promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal germination and elongation through secretion,interaction with astrocytes,regulation of inflammatory reaction,migration characteristics,myelination,anti-oxidation,lipid regulation and other channels. Thus olfactory ensheathing cells play the role of neuroprotection and nerve repair. In recent years,some studies have used bioengineering,tissue engineering,reprogramming and other technologies to enhance the efficacy of olfactory ensheathing cells from different aspects,thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for optimizing the cell therapy of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells in repairing spinal cord injury,and review the progress of optimizing strategy of olfactory ensheathing cells in treating spinal cord injury recently,so as to provide new research ideas for the further developing the repair potential of olfactory ensheathing cells and optimize the cell therapy effect of spinal cord injury.