Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone,an atypical antipsychotic drug,in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke |
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| Authors: | Ji Hyeon Ahn In Hye Kim Ok Kyu Park Jae‐Chul Lee Ki‐Yeon Yoo Jung Hoon Choi Choong Hyun Lee In Koo Hwang Jeong Ho Park Song Her Jin Su Kim Hyung‐Cheul Shin Jun Hwi Cho Young‐Myeong Kim Seung‐Hae Kwon Moo‐Ho Won |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea;2. Division of Analytical Bio‐Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea;3. Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‐Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea;4. Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea;5. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea;6. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;7. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea;8. Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea;9. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea;10. Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea;11. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness. The present study examines the neuroprotective effects of risperidone against ischemic damage in the rat and gerbil induced by transient focal and global cerebral ischemia, respectively. The results showed that pre‐ and posttreatment with 4 mg/kg risperidone significantly protected against neuronal death from ischemic injury. Many NeuN‐immunoreactive neurons and a few F‐J B‐positive cells were found in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the risperidone‐treated ischemia groups compared with those in the vehicle‐treated ischemia group. In addition, treatment with risperidone markedly attenuated the activation of microglia in the gerbil CA1. On the other hand, we found that treatment with risperidone significantly maintained the antioxidants levels in the ischemic gerbil CA1. Immunoreactivities of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were maintained in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1; the antioxidants were very different from those in the vehicle‐treated ischemia groups. In brief, our present findings indicate that posttreatment as well as pretreatment with risperidone can protect neurons in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbils CA1 from transient cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effect of risperidone may be related to attenuation of microglial activation as well as maintenance of antioxidants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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| Keywords: | risperidone transient cerebral ischemia neuroprotection microglial activation oxidative stress |
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