Dynamics of tick infestations in foxes in Thuringia,Germany |
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| Authors: | Elisabeth Meyer-Kayser Lothar Hoffmann Cornelia Silaghi Kurt Pfister Monia Mahling Lygia MF Passos |
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| Institution: | 1. Thüringer Landesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (TLLV), Bad Langensalza, Germany;2. Institut für Vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany;3. Statistisches Beratungslabor, Institut für Statistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany;4. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy;2. Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France;1. Working Group on Animal Epidemiology, French Forces Health Service, Marseille, France;2. Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France;3. Hospital Center Monkole, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo;1. Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;2. Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy;2. Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France;1. Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;2. Sección de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;3. Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Enrique Baltodano Briceño, Liberia, Costa Rica;4. Sección de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica;1. Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Farmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC VFU), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;4. Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;5. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary and Farmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;6. Central European Institute for Wildlife Ecology, ?umavská 416/15, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;7. Military Veterinary Institute, Army of the Czech Republic, Opavská 29, 748 01 Hlu?ín, Czech Republic;8. Department of Meat Hygene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Farmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to provide up-to-date information on the dynamics of tick infestations on foxes in Thuringia, as the most recent information available was published in 1997. Fox carcasses that had been sent to the Thuringian State Authority for Food Safety and Consumer Protection (Thüringer Landesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Verbraucherschutz – TLLV), between January 1st and December 31st, 2009, were examined for the presence of ticks. All ticks collected were stored at ?20 °C before being identified and classified according to their developmental stage and sex. Out of a total of 1286 foxes examined, 989 (76.9%) were infested with ticks. A total of 13,227 ticks were collected from the foxes. The stage most frequently found was the larva (48.1%), followed by the adult (34.1%), and the nymphal stage (17.8%). Regarding the adult stage, Ixodes ricinus was the most frequent tick species detected (82.2%), followed by I. canisuga (10.8%) and I. hexagonus (6.7%). Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were very rare (0.3%). With regard to nymphs, I. canisuga and I. hexagonus were the most frequent tick species found, and this was also assumed for the larval stage. The results indicate the occurrence of tick infestations in foxes throughout the year, mainly by I. ricinus, I. canisuga, and I. hexagonus, with seasonal variations. Foxes were infested by I. ricinus ticks significantly more frequently from April to September. This applied to all tick developmental stages, but especially to adults. In contrast to I. ricinus, the infestation of foxes with I. canisuga and I. hexagonus was significantly higher from January to March and from October to December, especially with the immature developmental stages. |
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