献血员血清和血液制品的HIV抗体检测及试验方法的优选

输血是HIV传播的重要途径。本文报道对四川省十市县10422名献血员的11251份血清标本和各种血液制品150批进行了HIV抗体检测,结果均为阴性。对各种血液制品进行了4种HIV抗体试验方法的优选,表明检测丙种球蛋白用ELISA法和免疫荧光法易出现假阳性,建议对丙种球蛋白选用明胶颗粒凝集等法作初筛。蛋白印迹法是公认检测HIV抗体的最灵敏与最特异的方法,但操作费时及试剂昂贵,宜选作确证试验。

Selection of Methods for HIV Screening of Donors' Sera and Blood Products

Blood and blood products are very important agents of HIV transmission. In this paper, 11,251 samples from 10,422 donors' sera and 150 blood products were screened for anti-HIV by ELISA, PA, IF and WB. The results were all negative. The donors lived in the 10 municipalities and counties of Sichuan Province. We also performed a prospective investigation to learn if these four methods were suitable to different blood products. We found that positive or weak positive reactions of ten occurred when gamma-globulins were detected by IF and ELISA, but the results were negative when gamma-globulins were tested by PA and WB. As a screening assay for anti-HIV, PA is most suitable for gamma-globulin. WB assay is the optimal method for anti-HIV testing in terms of both specificity and sensitivity. However, because the necessary reagents are very expensive and the procedure is time-consuming, we suggest that the WB assay may be used as a confirmatory test for anti-HIV assay in countries and regions where its general use is cost-prohibitive.