北京市朝阳区成人打鼾及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查

目的 了解北京市朝阳区14岁以上居民打鼾及睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)发病率和危险因素,为该病的防治提供依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,对北京市朝阳区两医院职工及14岁以上家属进行打鼾问卷调查,计算人群中打鼾发病率,分析其危险因素.数据表随机抽取200例进行整夜睡眠呼吸监测(PSG),推算人群中OSAHS的患病率.结果 共发放调查表5090份,有效问卷4988份,有效率为97.9％.打鼾1585人,发病率为31.8％,男性打鼾发病率为38.7％,高于女性(22.0％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随年龄增加,打鼾发病率逐渐增加,56～＜66岁达高峰.脑力劳动、体重指数超标者打鼾及OSAHS的发病率增高.打鼾患者容易引起心脑血管疾病.根据症状、体征,按睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5次/h为诊断标准,在抽取的200例打鼾患者中共确诊OSAHS 63例,推算人群OSAHS患病人数为481例,发病率为9.6％ (481/4988).结论 北京市朝阳区人群中打鼾和OSAHS的发病率较高,打鼾人群心血管系统疾病的发生率明显高于非打鼾人群.应根据其流行病学特点制定相应的防治策略,降低该病及其并发症的发生率.

Epidemiological investigation of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hy- popnea syndrome among the adults in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

Objective To understand the prevalence of snoring, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） and their high risk factors among the adults aged over 14 years in Chaoyang District of Beijing City. Methods Method of cluster sampling was used. Staffs from 2 hospitals in Chaoyang District of Beijin City and their family members aged over 14 years were investigated by questionnaires. The prevalence of snoring was calculated, then analyzed its risk factors. 200 cases randomly selected by data table were given polysomnography （PSG）, so that the prevalence of OSAHS was estimated. Results Among the 5090 questionnaires, 4988 were effective, the effective rate was 97.9%. There were 1585 snorers, the prevalence was 31.8%, which prevalence of male was 38.7%, more than female （22.0%）, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The prevalence of snoring was increased with the age, its peaked at the age of 56-〈66. The brain-workers and patients with BMI overweight had higher prevalence of OSAHS. The snorers were easy to suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to the symptom and the sign, AHI ≥ 5 times/h was defined as the diagnostic standard, among the 200 selected snorers, 63 had been diagnosed OSAHS. Based on this, it could be inferred that 481 people had suffered from OSAHS and the prevalence was 9.6% （481/4988）. Con- clusion The incidence of snoring and OSAHS is higher among the adult aged over 14 years in Chaoyang District ofBeijing City. People with snoring are more easily to suf- fer from cardiovascular diseases than the non-snoring group. Based on the epidemiologieal characteristics, ef- fective strategies and measures should be made to re- duce the incidence of the disease and its complications.