老年人院内获得性肺炎的危险因素及其预防

目的 ]　分析老年人院内获得性肺炎的危险因素 ,提出预防对策。 方法 ]　回顾性调查三级医院的住院病例。 结果 ]　 92例老年NP中 ,男 71例 ,女 2 1例 ,最常见的基础疾病为慢性心脑血管疾病 (33 .7% ) ,慢性阻塞性肺病 (2 8.3 % ) ,恶性肿瘤和外科手术后 (各 13 .8% ) ,主要诱发因素为长期使用抗生素、激素或其他免疫抑制剂、气管插管或气管切开 ,使用H2 受体阻滞剂或抑酸剂、鼻胃留管等。住院时间越长 ,感染的机会越高 ,病死率为 2 9.3 %。结论 ]　老年人NP病死率高 ,应针对其危险因素 ,早防早治。

The risk factors and prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly

Objective] To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial pneumonia(NP) in the elderly.Methods] Restrospective study of cases admitted in our hospital. Results] Among 92 cases of NP,71 were male and 21 female.The common basic diseases were chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(33.7%),COPD(28.3%),malignant tumours(13.8%) and postoperation(13.8%).The main remote causes were associated with long-term usage of antibiotics,corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents,trachea cannula of tracheotomy,usage of H 2-R-blocker or antiacid,intubation of nose and stomach.The longer the hospitalization,the higher the morbidity and the mortality was 29.3%.Conclusions] There was high mortality of NP in the elderly.We must have comprehensive preventive measures to cope with the risk factors,including early diagnosis and early treatment.