血浆脑利钠肽和D-二聚体水平与急性脑梗死临床亚型的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死不同病因学亚型患者血浆脑利钠肽(brain natriuretic peptidk,BNP)和D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)含量变化的意义.方法 146例发病24 h内的急性脑梗死患者,根据TOAST分型方法进行病因学分型:大血管动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死(1arge-artery atherosclerosis,LAA;n=48)、小血管闭塞性脑梗死(small-artery occlusion,SAO;n=32)、心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE;n=41)和原因不明性脑梗死(n=25).急诊行血浆BNP和DD含量测定,并分析二者与脑梗死不同亚型、梗死体积和病情严重程度的相关性.结果 CE组患者血浆BNP水平显著高于非CE组(P均＜0.01),其血浆DD含量亦显著升高(与LAA组比较,P＜0.05;与SAO组和原因不明性脑梗死组比较,P均＜0.01),而各种非CE组之间血浆BNP和DD水平均无显著差异.大梗死组患者血浆BNP和DD含量显著高于中梗死组(t分别为2.748和4.218,P分别为0.040和0.008)和小梗死组(t分别为3.766和3.029,P分别为0.013和0.029),而中梗死组与小梗死组无显著差异.美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分≥7分组血浆BNP和DD含量显著高于＜7分组(t分别为-3.454和-4.044,P分别为0.018和0.010).结论 急性脑梗死,尤其是CE患者血浆BNP和DD水平显著升高,而且梗死体积越大、病情越严重,二者水平越高.早期检测血浆BNP和DD水平有助于脑梗死病因学亚型,尤其是CE的诊断以及梗死体积和病情严重程度的判断.

Relationship between the plasma brain natriuretic peptide and D-dimer levels and the subtypes of acute cerebral infarction

Objective To investigate the significance of the changes of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and D-dimer (DD) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction with different etiological subtypes. Methods One hundred forty-six patients with acute cerebral infarction within 24 hours of onset were divided into four groups according to the TOAST classification:large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA, n =48), small-artery occlusion (SAO, n = 32), cardioembolism (CE, n = 41 ), and cryptogenic cerebral infarction (n = 25 ). Plasma BNP and DD levels were measured in the emergency department, and the correlation between both plasma BNP and DD levels and different subtypes of cerebral infarction, infarct rolume and severity of disease were analyzed. Results The plasma BNP and DD levels in the cardioembolism group were significantly higher than those in all the non-cardioembolism groups (all P ＜0.01). The plasma DD level was also increased significantly (compared to the LAA group, P ＜0. 05; compared to the SAO and cryptogenic cerebral infarction groups, all P ＜ 0. 01 ), while there were no significant differences in plasma BNP and DD levels among all the non-CE groups. The plasma BNP and DD levels in patients of the large infarction group were significantly higher than those of the moderate infarction group (t = 3.766 and 3.029, respectively; P = 0. 013 and 0. 029,respectively), and there was no significant difference between the moderate infarction group and the small infarction group (t= 1.275 and 1.207, respectively; P= 0.258 and 0. 281,respectively). The plasma BNP and DD levels in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 7 group were significantly higher than those in the NIHSS score ＜ 7 group (t = - 3.454 and - 4. 044, respectively; P = 0. 018 and 0. 010, respectively). Conclusions Acute cerebral infarction, particularly the plasma BNP and DD levels were increased significartly in patients with cardioembolism, and the larger the infarct volume, the more serious the disease, and the higher the both levels. Early detection of plasma BNP and DD levels contribute to etiological classification of cerebral infarction, especially for the diagnosis of cardioembolism, as well as the identification of infarct volume and the severity of the disease.