长沙市电子行业工人职业应激及其影响因素研究

目的了解电子行业工人的职业应激状况及其影响因素,为采取有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取788名电子行业工人为调查对象,采用自制的一般情况调查问卷进行调查;采用中文版的(occupational stress inventory-revised edition,OSI-R)问卷进行职业应激测评。采用Epidata3.1建库,应用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果职业任务得分(180.66±24.15)、个体紧张反应得分(101.63±20.57)均高于西南常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);个体应变能力得分(118.33±19.48)低于西南常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现:流水性作业(t=2.687,P0.05)、任务不适(t=4.087,P0.05)、任务模糊(t=2.263,P0.05)、任务冲突(t=11.729,P0.05)、责任感(t=5.354,P0.05)、工作环境(t=10.144,P0.05)是紧张反应的危险因素;和家人一起住(t=-1.981,P0.05)、高年龄组(t=-2.841,P0.05)、娱乐休闲(t=-2.817,P0.05)、自我保健(t=-3.064,P0.05)、社会支持(t=-3.726,P0.05)是紧张反应的保护因素。结论长沙市电子行业工人的应激程度较一般职业人群高,建议该行业采取优化组织结构与管理、改善工作环境、宣传职业卫生相关健康知识、加强职业健康监护、营造良好企业文化氛围等措施减缓职业应激,促进其身心健康。

Study on occupational stress of worders in electronics industry in Changsha City and its influencing factors

Objective To investigate the occupational stress status of electronics industry workers and its influencing factors in Changsha so as to provide scienti fie evidence for implementing effective interventions. Methods A total of 788 electronics in- dustry workers selected by stratified random cluster sampling were enrolled in this study. Self- designed questionnaires were used to collect the workers＇ general information, and occupational stress inventory- revised edition （OSI - R） was employed to assess their occupational stress status. Epidata3.1 was used to build a database, and SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Re- suits The scores of occupatiomd roles questionnaire （ 180.66 ± 24.15 ） and personal strain questionnaire （ 101.63 ± 20.57） were higher than those of the Southwest norm, and the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The score of personal re- sources questionnaire （118.33 -＋ 19.48） was lower than that of the Southwest norm, with statistically significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the assembly line of the job （ t = 2. 687, P 〈 0.05）, task discomfort （ t = 4. 087, P 〈 0.05）, role ambiguity （ t = 2. 263, P 〈 0.05）, task conflict （ t = 11. 729, P 〈 0.05）, responsibility （ t = 5. 354, P 〈0.05） and work environment （t = 10. 144, P〈0.05） were the risk factors for stress reactions; while living with the family （ t = - 1. 981, P 〈 0.05）, elder age group （ t = - 2. 841, P 〈 0.05）, entertainment and rdaxation （ t = - 2. 817, P 〈 0.05）, self - healtheare （ t = - 3. 064, P 〈 0.05） and social support （ t = - 3. 726, P 〈 0.05） were the protective factor for stress reac- tions. Conclusions The occupational stress of worders in electronics industry in Changsha City is generally higher than those of general occupational groups. The electronic industry should implement countermeasures, such as optimizing the organizational structure and management, imp