基于灰色关联度法的药用蚂蚁品质探析

目的：基于灰色关联度分析法建立不同基原与产地蚂蚁药材的质量评价方法。方法：参照《中华人民共和国药典》 2020年版方法对药用蚂蚁的杂质、水分、灰分及浸出物含量进行测定；利用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法（ICP-MS）、凯氏定氮仪、气相色谱法（GC）、氨基酸分析仪对药用蚂蚁微量元素、总氮、蚁酸和氨基酸含量进行测定；以灰色关联度分析中的相对关联度为测度，建立灰色关联度模型，对蚂蚁药材质量进行初步评价。结果：12批药用蚂蚁样品的相对关联度为0.296～0.576，其中有2个产地药用蚂蚁样品的相对关联度>0.500，有4个产地药用蚂蚁样品的相对关联度为0.400～0.500。贵州凯里市的叶形多刺蚁样品、江西上高县的双齿多刺蚁样品、广西博白县的双齿多刺蚁样品相对关联度排名居前3位，说明其药材质量较优。结论：基于灰色关联度分析法可综合评价药用蚂蚁药材质量，为药用蚂蚁资源的开发与利用、质量评价方法的建立提供参考。

Quality Evaluation of Medicinal Ants by Grey Relation Analysis

Objective To establish the quality evaluation method for the medicinal ants from different producing areas based on the grey relation analysis.Methods The content of impurities, moisture, ash, and extract of medicinal ants was determined according to the methods in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of trace elements, total nitrogen, formic acid, and amino acids in medicinal ants was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, micro-Kjeldahl method, gas chromatography, and an automatic amino acid analyzer, respectively. The grey correlation model was established with relative correlation degree to comprehensively evaluate the quality of medicinal ants.Results The relative correlation degrees of all the samples were within the range of 0.296-0.576. The samples from two and four producing areas had the relative correlation degrees greater than 0.500 and of 0.400-0.500, respectively. The relative correlation degrees of Polyrhachis lamellidens Smith in Kaili, Guizhou, P. dives Smith in Shanggao, Jiangxi, and P. dives in Bobai, Guangxi ranked the top three, which indicated that they had better quality.Conclusion The quality of medicinal ants can be comprehensively evaluated by grey relation analysis, which can provide a reference for the development and utilization of medicinal ant resources and the establishment of quality evaluation methods.