Associations between toxic metals in follicular fluid and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes |
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Authors: | Michael S. Bloom Keewan Kim Pamela C. Kruger Patrick J. Parsons John G. Arnason Amy J. Steuerwald Victor Y. Fujimoto |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health Rm. #157, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA 3. Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA 4. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract: | PurposeWe previously reported associations between trace concentrations of Hg, Cd and Pb in blood and urine and reproductive outcomes for women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Here we assess measurements in single follicular fluid (FF) specimens from 46 women as a presumably more relevant marker of dose for reproductive toxicity.MethodsFF specimens were analyzed for Hg, Cd and Pb using sector field-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). Variability sources were assessed by nested ANOVA. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations for square root transformed metals with IVF outcomes, adjusting for confounders.ResultsAn inverse association is detected for FF Pb and fertilization (relative risk (RR) = 0.68, P = 0.026), although positive for Cd (RR = 9.05, P = 0.025). While no other statistically significant associations are detected, odds ratios (OR) are increased for embryo cleavage with Hg (OR = 3.83, P = 0.264) and Cd (OR = 3.18, P = 0.644), and for embryo fragmentation with Cd (OR = 4.08, P = 0.586) and Pb (OR = 2.22, P = 0.220). Positive estimates are observed for Cd with biochemical (RR = 19.02, P = 0.286) and clinical pregnancies (RR = 38.80, P = 0.212), yet with very low precision.ConclusionsWe have identified associations between trace amounts of Pb and Cd in FF from a single follicle, and oocyte fertilization. Yet, the likelihood of biological variation in trace element concentrations within and between follicles, coupled with levels that are near the limits of detection suggest that future work should examine multiple follicles using a ‘one follicle-one oocyte/embryo’ approach. A larger study is merited to assess more definitively the role that these environmental factors could play with respect to egg quality in IVF programs. |
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Keywords: | Cadmium (Cd) Follicular fluid (FF) in vitro fertilization (IVF) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Reproductive outcomes |
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