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Systems vaccinology: Enabling rational vaccine design with systems biological approaches
Affiliation:1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Department of Pathology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;5. Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;6. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;7. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Robert & Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;1. Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;2. School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK;3. Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo 05508, Brazil;2. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA;3. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;4. Department of Immunology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7J, UK;5. Center for Operations Research in Medicine & Healthcare, School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;6. Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Elis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;7. Hope Clinic of Emory University, 500 Irvin Court/Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA;8. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA;9. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA;10. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, 1 Efron Street, Haifa 3109601, Israel;11. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;12. Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;13. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;14. Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;15. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;1. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;2. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;3. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;1. Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Rochester, MN, USA;3. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA;4. Tandy School of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, University of Tulsa, OK, USA;5. Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA;6. Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;1. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA;2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Abstract:Vaccines have drastically reduced the mortality and morbidity of many diseases. However, vaccines have historically been developed empirically, and recent development of vaccines against current pandemics such as HIV and malaria has been met with difficulty. The advent of high-throughput technologies, coupled with systems biological methods of data analysis, has enabled researchers to interrogate the entire complement of a variety of molecular components within cells, and characterize the myriad interactions among them in order to model and understand the behavior of the system as a whole. In the context of vaccinology, these tools permit exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which vaccines induce protective immune responses. Here we review the recent advances, challenges, and potential of systems biological approaches in vaccinology. If the challenges facing this developing field can be overcome, systems vaccinology promises to empower the identification of early predictive signatures of vaccine response, as well as novel and robust correlates of protection from infection. Such discoveries, along with the improved understanding of immune responses to vaccination they impart, will play an instrumental role in development of the next generation of rationally designed vaccines.
Keywords:Vaccines  Systems biology  Systems vaccinology
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