Longitudinal study on Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization in HIV-infected and -uninfected infants vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute for Communicable Diseases – A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa;2. Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa;4. University of Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Children''s Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;6. Henry Jackson Foundation, Division of AIDS (HJF-DAIDS), A Division of The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Contractor to NIAID, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States;1. State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People''s Republic of China;2. Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People''s Republic of China;3. School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People''s Republic of China;4. Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;2. Elsa Biologics, LLC, Box 25725, WA 98165, USA;1. Department of Respiratory and Critical care medicine, Peking University People''s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China;1. Centre for Medical Humanities, Durham University, Durham, UK;1. Department of Immunology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;3. Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central south University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China;4. Xuzhou Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China;5. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are all potentially pathogenic, which frequently colonize the nasopharynx (NP) prior to causing disease.We studied bacterial NP-colonization in 321 HIV-infected and 243 HIV-uninfected children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.MethodsHIV-uninfected infants included those born to HIV-uninfected (HUU) and HIV-infected women (HEU); HIV-infected children with CD4+ lymphocyte ≥25% were randomized to initiate antiretroviral therapy immediately (ART-Immed) or when clinically indicated (ART-Def). Nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture were taken prior to each PCV7 dose (Visits 1–3) and at 20, 39, 47 and 67 weeks of age (Visits 4–7). Swabs were cultured by standard methods and pneumococcal serotyping done by the Quellung method.ResultsColonization patterns for pneumococcus, H. influenzae and S. aureus did not differ between HUU and HEU children; and were also generally similar between ART-Def and ART-Immed children. Prevalence of PCV7-serotype colonization was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, however, overall pneumococcal and specifically non-vaccine serotype colonization tended to be lower in HIV-infected children. HIV-infected children also had a 44% lower prevalence of S. aureus colonization at Visit-1 (p = 0.010); and H. influenzae colonization was also lower among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected children at Visit-2, Visit-3, Visit-6 and Visit-7.ConclusionVaccine-serotype colonization is similar in PCV-immunized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. We, however, identified a lower prevalence of overall-pneumococcal and H. influenzae colonization in HIV-infected children post-PCV vaccination, the clinical-relevance of which warrants further study. |
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| Keywords: | Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Colonization HIV HIV exposure |
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