Autonomic regulation predicts performance on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults with schizophrenia |
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Authors: | Karen J. Mathewson Michelle K. Jetha Joel O. Goldberg Louis A. Schmidt |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1;2. Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3;3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8 |
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Abstract: | Although executive functions have been associated with autonomic regulatory capacity in healthy adults, there appear to be no reports of these relations in adults with schizophrenia to date. We tested whether baseline autonomic regulation was associated with performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a group of 42 stable community outpatients with schizophrenia. Patients exhibited faster resting heart rates and lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) than age-matched controls, consistent with previous research. Patients also completed relatively few WCST categories and made many perseverative errors, replicating prior studies. Within the patient group, relatively better WCST performance was associated with slower resting heart rate and higher RSA, suggesting that inefficient executive and autonomic functioning in schizophrenia may be linked. WCST performance and autonomic regulatory capacity were further reduced in a subset of patients receiving clozapine, but relations between WCST performance and autonomic regulatory parameters did not differ from those of other patients. Findings extend the neurovisceral integration model of autonomic regulation to adults with schizophrenia and attest to the reliability of the model. |
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Keywords: | Schizophrenia Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Executive function Autonomic regulation Respiratory sinus arrhythmia Adults |
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