精神发育迟滞儿童的母亲的心理健康与家庭环境的关系

目的探讨精神发育迟滞（MR）儿童的母亲心理健康状况与家庭环境因素的关系,为有针对性采取干预措施提供一些依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、家庭环境量表中文版和自编的一般状况调查表对263名MR儿童的母亲进行调查,并以同年龄、同性别的的正常儿童的母亲进行1∶1配对对照,母亲婚姻状况、文化程度匹配,年龄和家庭经济状况基本匹配。结果MR儿童的母亲SCL-90中除恐怖因子外其他因子均明显高于对照组儿童的母亲（P〈0.01）;躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性等因子均明显高于常模（P〈0.01）。MR儿童的家庭环境量表中亲密度、情感表达、成功性、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、组织性、控制性等8个分量表评分均低于对照组儿童的家庭,矛盾性评分高于对照组（均P〈0.05）。MR儿童的母亲SCL-90各因子与家庭环境量表中亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、娱乐性、组织性均相关,知识性部分相关。结论MR儿童的母亲心理健康问题突出,和家庭环境密切相关,MR儿童的家庭可能存在支持系统不良的情况。

Relationship between Family Environmental and Psychological Status of Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation

Objective To explore the relationship between family environmental and psychological status of mothers of children with mental retardation (MR). Methods 263 urban mothers whose children aged 7~12 years were surveyed with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV).and Questionnaire for demography.(Designed by author). The same number control group were selected from primary schools and 1:1 matched to observed group by chiliren's characteristics (age, gender),maternal characteristics (marriage, educated level, age) and family economic condition. Results SCL-90 factors scores except photic anxiety factor of observed group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, photic anxiety and psychoticism scores all were significantly higher than norm statistically (P<0.01). 8 factors of FES-CV scores of family of children with MR were lower than that of control group, which were cohesion, expressiveness, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral-religious emphasis, organization, control, but conflict score was higher than control (P<0.05). The SCL-90 factors of mothers of MR children were correlated with cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, active-recreational orientation, organization of FES-CV and partially correlated with intellectual-cultural orientation. Conclusion The psychological problems of MR children's mother are getting more outstanding and correlated with their family environment. The family support systems of MR children maybe poor.