三峡库区湖北宜昌段蓄水前后媒介生物监测及变化趋势分析

目的掌握三峡库区宜昌段蓄水前后媒介生物的变化趋势,及时采取对策。方法用夹夜法和人工小时法分别调查室内外鼠、人房和畜圈蚊密度以及室内外鼠、蚊种类构成。结果三峡库区宜昌段蓄水前后鼠密度未发生明显变化（t=0.52,P〉0.05）,鼠密度年变化趋势为先下降后上升,在鼠种构成上,蓄水前室内外分别以褐家鼠和鼩鼱类占优势,分别占71.07%和42.11%,蓄水后室内外均以黄胸鼠为主,分别占41.67%和42.86%;蓄水前后人房蚊密度未发生明显变化（t=1.29,P〉0.05）,但畜圈蚊密度明显升高（t=5.01,P〈0.01）。在蚊种构成上,人房和畜圈在蓄水前分别以中华按蚊和淡色库蚊为主,分别占38.50%和34.65%;蓄水后分别以骚扰阿蚊和中华按蚊为主,分别占37.21%和23.18%。结论三峡库区宜昌段蓄水前后随着环境的改变,鼠种构成发生了变化,同时畜圈蚊密度明显升高,蚊种构成也发生了变化,提示要继续加强媒介生物监测,为切实有效地防制媒介疾病的发生与流行提供决策依据。

Monitoring and trend analysis on disease vectors before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang, Hubei

Objective The vectors variation trends before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang were monitored and analyzed for timely implementation of the countermeasures.Methods The indoor and outdoor rodent density,mosquito density in residential houses and livestock pens,and species composition of rodents and mosquitoes were determined using the night trap method and the labor hour method.Results No significant changes were observed in the rodent density after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang（t=0.52,P0.05）.The annual variation of the rodent density constituted a primary decline followed by an increase.As for the small mammal species composition,the indoor and outdoor dominant species before impoundment were Rattus norvegicus and those of the genus Sorex,accounting for 71.07% and 42.11%,respectively.The dominant species after impoundment,indoor and outdoor,were both R.tanezumi,accounting for 41.67% and 42.86%,respectively.The mosquito density in residential houses did not change significantly after impoundment（t=1.29,P0.05）,whereas the mosquito density in livestock pens increased significantly（t=5.01,P0.01）.In regard to the mosquito species composition,Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens were the dominant species before impoundment in residential houses and livestock pens,respectively,accounting for 38.50% and 34.65%;Armigeres subalbatus and An.sinensis were the dominant species after impoundment,accounting for 37.21% and 23.18%,respectively.Conclusion The environmental changes due to impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang had led to the alteration in rodent species composition,in addition to significantly increased mosquito density in livestock pens and altered mosquito species composition.It is suggested that vector monitoring should be strengthened to provide the decision-making basis for effective prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of vector-borne diseases.