穗(即鸟)与长尾黄鼠及其寄生蚤之间生态关系的初步研究

1986、1987年于新疆精河县天山山地鼠疫自然疫源地内,对鼠疫主要宿主动物长尾黄鼠(Citellus undulatus)洞穴中营巢的鸟类——穗(即鸟)(Oenanthe oenanthe)在传播和携带病原方面所起的作用及所处地位进行了初步研究。疫源地内发现鸟60余种,与黄鼠同穴鸟类,仅有穗(即鸟)一种。 穗(即鸟)与黄鼠之间寄生蚤交换机率不大,仅在春季有交换现象,指数多在1以下,其它月份几乎无蚤交换。通过观察我们认为在正常情况下穗(即鸟)与黄鼠不是真正的共栖关系;穗(即鸟)作为鼠疫的媒介携带染疫的寄生物远距离传播的可能性甚小,如在动物病猛烈流行时,这种可能性还是存在的。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGIC RELATION BETWEEN OENANTHE OENANTHE, CITELLUS UNDULATUS AND THE PARASITIC FLEAS

An investigation was carried out in Jinghe, a natural focus of plague in 1986 and 1987 to determine the epidemiologic role of wheatears Oenanthe oenan-the that inhabited the same burrows with Citellus undulatus, the main host animal of plague. There were more than 60 species of birds in the area, but whe atear was the only one that built nests in burrows of Citellus undulatus. ResuIts showed that there was little probability of exchanging fleas between the two animals, only in spring exchange of fleas with an index much less than one can be occasionally observed. Usually, the relation between the two animals was not that of commensalism and the bird could hardly transmit plague by carrying the infected fleas far away. But it's possible for the bird to act as a pathogen carrier when the epizootic is strongly prevalent.