绝经后骨质疏松大鼠模型的综合评价

利用双能X线骨密度仪、扫描电镜和骨生物力学试验综合评价大鼠去卵巢后的骨骼状况。结果显示：①大鼠卵巢切除后，活体、离体腰椎以及股骨（除R3区）、胫骨近端干骺端（R1区）的离体骨密度显著下降（P＜0.01)，离体L5和L6的骨丢失率最大，达13%；②骨小梁减少、变细，连接中断，骨小梁表面有吸收陷窝；③腰椎压缩强度和股骨力学性均下降，前者更明显，腰椎最大压缩力下降率达33.32%。提示：①类似于绝经后妇女，6月龄大鼠在卵巢切除4个月后骨量和骨质量均下降，特别在富含松质骨的部位，如腰椎、股骨远端等；②利用绝经后骨质疏松大鼠模型评价骨质疏松新药的有效性，应包括该新药对骨量、骨结构和骨强度的作用。

Comprehensive assessment of the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis]

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), scanning electron microscopy, and bone biomechanical test were used to assess comprehensively bone quantity and quality of ovariectomized rats. In OVX rats, not only bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae in vivo and vitro, but also BMD of femora (except for R3 region) and proximal metaphysis(R1 region) in vitro decreased obviously (P < 0.01), whose bone loss rates of L5 and L6 were the highest and achieved 13%; the trabeculae of OVX rats were few, fine, and discontinued and there were lacunae on the surface; in OVX rats, both compressive strength of vertebral bodies and the mechanical properties of femora decreased; the falling degree of the former was greater; the maximal compressive power of lumbar vertebrae decreased with 33.32%. We conclude that after 4-month post-ovariectomy, the bone quantity and quality of six-month-old rats decreased, especially in the area of abundant cancellous bone such as vertebral bodies, distal femora; the assessment of the efficiency of new drugs to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis using rat models should include these drugs' effects to the bone mass, the bone structure, and the bone strength.