酸枣仁芽的化学成分分离鉴定

目的:研究酸枣仁芽的化学成分,从物质基础的角度探寻萌发对酸枣仁活性的影响。方法:将干燥的酸枣仁芽粉碎后石油醚浸泡提取,除去油脂类成分,残渣干燥后再用甲醇加热回流提取,减压浓缩后得酸枣仁芽甲醇浸膏,将浸膏溶解,采用硅胶,C_(18)反相硅胶,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶等多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,并利用NMR和MS等现代波谱技术,结合参考文献确定化合物的化学结构。结果:从酸枣仁芽中分离鉴定13个化合物,分别为酸枣仁皂苷B (1),酸枣仁皂苷D (2),酸枣仁皂苷A (3),白桦脂酸(4),白桦脂醇(5),羽扇豆醇(6),麦珠子酸(7),美洲茶酸(8),齐墩果酸(9),熊果酸(10),木兰花碱(11),荷叶碱(12),当药黄素(13)。结论:以上化合物均首次从酸枣仁芽中分离得到。经对比,发现酸枣仁芽的化学成分与传统药用部位种子相似,主要为三萜及皂苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类化合物等,为酸枣仁芽药用资源的开发利用提供了一定的化学依据。

Chemical Constituents from Sprout of Ziziphi jujuba var. spinosa

Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents from sprout of Ziziphi jujuba var. spinosa,and explore the effect of germination on the activity of Z. jujuba var. spinosa seed from the perspective of material basis. Method:The dry sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa was crushed and extracted with petroleum ether to remove oils and fats,then the residues were dried and received reflux extraction with methanol. The solvent was decompressed and recovered to obtain methanol fractions. The fractions were dissolved, isolated and purified by column chromatography technologies such as silica gel,RP C₁₈ and Sephadex LH-20,and the structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),mass spectrometry (MS) and reference liteature. Result:The 13 compounds were isolated from the sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and identified as jujuboside B (1),jujuboside D (2),jujuboside A (3),betulinic acid (4),betulin (5),lupeol (6),alphitolic acid (7),ceanothic acid (8),oleanolic acid (9),ursolic acid (10),magnoflorine (11),nuciferine (12) and swertisin (13). Conclusion:All the above compounds were isolated from the sprout of of Z. jujuba var. spinosa for the first time. The study showed that the chemical constituents from the sprout were quite similar with those from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa,mainly including triterpenoids and saponins,flavonoids,alkaloid,etc.Overall,the results described in this study could provide certain chemical basis for further resources exploitation and utilization of the sprout of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.