大牵开器辅助下防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折手术技术与疗效

目的:探讨在无牵床下大牵开器辅助维持复位使用防旋股骨近端髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的手术技术和疗效。方法:自2012年4月至2016年12月采用大牵开器辅助维持复位下PFNA内固定治疗55例股骨转子间骨折患者,男18例,女37例;年龄47～90岁,平均75.65岁;左侧31例,右侧24例。术前患髋疼痛、活动受限,下肢极度外旋畸形或伴有短缩,术前X线片均明确骨折。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术中透视时间,评价髋关节功能。结果:手术时间平均45.35 min,术中出血量平均117.64 ml,术中透视时间平均3.42 min,骨折均复位良好。55例患者术后获得随访,时间12～24个月,平均16.43个月。所有患者骨性愈合,无髋内翻畸形,内固定松动、断裂等并发症。根据Harris髋关节功能评分,优40例,良8例,可5例,差2例。结论:大牵开器辅助维持复位下使用PFNA能固定各型股骨转子间骨折,对手术体位要求简单,设备要求低,手术时间短,创伤小,固定可靠,患者术后恢复好,该手术方式可在无牵引床的基层医院开展。

Surgical technique and effect of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation internal fixation assisted with large retractor for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures

Objective: To investigate the surgical technique and efficacy of large retractor assisted maintenance of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the absence of a retractor.Methods: A total of 55 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA internal fixation were selected from April 2012 to December 2016 with a large retractor assisted in maintaining reduction, including 18 males and 37 females with an average age of 75.65 years old ranging from 47 to 90 years old; 31 cases were on the left side and 24 on the right side. All patients had preoperative ipsilateral hip pain, limited mobility, ipsilateral lower extremity extreme external rotation malformation or accompanied by shortening, and preoperative radiographs were clearly diagnosed intertrochanteric fractures. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative fluoroscopy time were recorded. Postoperative hip function were evaluated.Results: The average operation time was 45.35 min, the average intraoperative blood loss was 117.64 ml and the mean intraoperative fluoroscopic time was 3.42 min. All the fractures were well restored. All patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 16.43 months. All the intertrochanteric fractures were bone healed without hip varus deformity, and there were no complications such as internal fixation loosening and fracture. According to Harris hip function score criteria, the results were excellent in 40 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 5 cases, poor in 2 cases.Conclusion: Large retractor assisted in maintaining the use of PFNA under reposition can fix various types of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. It has simple requirements for surgical position, low equipment requirements, short operation time, less trauma, reliable fixation, and good postoperative recovery. The surgical procedure can be carried out in a primary hospital without a traction bed.