喉痹动物模型的研究现状及评价分析

目的:总结、分析现有的喉痹动物模型,以期为中医药治疗及研究喉痹提供理论基础。方法:中医喉痹与咽炎相对应,以"喉痹、咽炎、动物模型"为主题词在线检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI),中国生物医学文献库(Sino Med)和Pub Med数据库近5年为主的文献资料进行总结、分析。结果:目前模型动物可选择大鼠、家兔、豚鼠、猕猴。造模方法中常用的氨水直接造模法、氨水加松节油复合造模法和细菌注射法已较为成熟,吡啶诱导法、辣椒素诱导法、沙尘诱导法等亦各具特色。喉痹相关病证动物模型已有阴虚型及肝郁脾虚型慢喉痹大鼠模型的探索。现有模型评价指标多样,包括表观行为学、组织病理学、生化指标、血液流变学等。主要问题有模型构建方法与临床咽炎形成的病因、机制等存在差异,缺乏分子水平的病理机制阐述;造模给药浓度、给药频率及周期的确定等缺乏统一标准;部分评价指标的判别存在主观性;用于研究中医证型相关的喉痹病证动物模型不足。结论:喉痹相关动物模型有待进一步研究与完善,如深入探讨模型分子病理机制与临床发病机制的相关性或一致性,同种模型应统一造模给药浓度、频率,规范造模后的评价指标等;其次,与中医证候相契合的喉痹相关病证动物模型亟待探索,以利于中医药的基础研究。

Overview on Animal Models of Throat Impediment

Objective: To summarize and evaluate the existing animal models of pharyngitis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for its treatment and research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for throat impediment. Method: Nearly 5 years of literatures were retrieved form databases of Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed and Pubmed, with throat impediment, pharyngitis, and animal model as medicine subject headings terms. Result: At present, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and macaques are available as model animals. The main methods for reproduction of pharyngitis animal model were direct ammonia molding, ammonia and turpentine combined molding and bacterial injection molding. The rarely used methods, such as pyridine induction method, capsaicin induction method and sand dust induction method, have their own characteristics. The pharyngitis animal models with the combination of TCM syndrome include YIN-deficiency type and stagnation of liver-Qi with deficiency of spleen type. These models evaluation indexes were diverse, including apparent behavior, histopathology, biochemical indicator and hemorheology. The problems of these modeling methods included the differences in etiology and mechanism between the methods of modeling and the formation of clinical patients, the lack of molecular level of pathological mechanism elaboration, the non-uniform standard for concentration, frequency and cycle of drug administration during modeling, the subjectivity in judging partial evaluation indexes and the deficiency of the pharyngitis animal model with the combination of TCM syndrome. Conclusion: Firstly, the existing models needed to be further improved by such means as the exploration of the correlation or consistency between the molecular pathology mechanism and the clinical pathogenesis, and the concentration and frequency of uniform model administration and uniform standard for evaluation indexes. Secondly, the pharyngitis animal model with the combination of TCM syndrome and modern medicine disease was urgently needed to be explored, in order to facilitate the development of basic research in TCM.