黄曲霉毒素B1免疫快速检测技术研究进展及其在中药中的应用

黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)是由产毒真菌(如黄曲霉和寄生霉菌)产生的有毒次级代谢产物,具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用。研究表明AFB1广泛存在于农作物、食品、饲料甚至中药中,对人类健康造成了严重的安全隐患。建立一系列适用于不同基质中AFB1的多种快速检测技术,为预防和控制食品与药品的安全、保障人类健康方面具有重要意义。随着小分子免疫技术的不断提高,近年来各种检测形式的AFB1免疫快速技术被开发利用到现场快速检测领域,该文系统综述了我国现行有效的AFB1检测相关标准及近年来一些地区和国家等对中药材中黄曲霉毒素的限量标准情况,这些限量标准主要针对食品、饲料及一些易污染中药材中的黄曲霉毒素,而研究表明除了限量标准进行规定的中药材品种外也存在一些药用植物及其产品也有被黄曲霉毒素污染的情况。并对AFB1抗原抗体制备技术,以及基于抗原抗体特异性识别功能的快速检测方法包括酶联免疫吸附法、亲和色谱法、荧光免疫法、化学发光免疫法和新型免疫传感器法的开发及应用进行了归纳总结与对比。以期为中药规范化种植、中药集散贸易市场、药店医院、中药质量监管等方面形成快速、准确、灵敏的检测技术标准提供参考,确保中药的质量安全。

Rapid Immunoassay of Aflatoxin B1 and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by toxigenic Aspergillus spp. (such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus) with carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects. Studies have shown that AFB₁ is widely found in crops,food,feed and traditional Chinese medicine,which poses a serious safety hazards to humans healthy. The establishment of a rapid detection technique that is suitable for AFB₁ in different matrices has a great significance in preventing contamination,controlling food and medicines safety and ensuring human health. With the continuous improvement of small-molecule immune technology,various rapid immunoassays of AFB₁ have been developed and utilized in recent years. This review systematically summarized current relevant standards for the detection of AFB₁ in China and the maximum recommended levels for the application of aflatoxins in Chinese herbal medicines in some regions and countries. These standards are mainly applicable for aflatoxins in food,feed and some easily contaminated samples of Chinese herbal medicines. Some studies have shown that except the Chinese herbal medicines specified with the maximum recommended levels,some medicinal herbs and their products were also contaminated by aflatoxins. In addition,this paper reviewed the preparation technology of antigen and antibody for AFB₁,and the rapid detection methods based on the specific recognition ability between antigen and antibody, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunochromatographic assay,fluorescence immunoassay,chemiluminescence immunoassay,and novel immunosensor method, were also summarized and compared. This review aims to provide the reference for rapid,accurate,and sensitive technical standards for the detection of AFB₁ in traditional Chinese medicine during the agricultural planting,distribution, trade and quality supervision and for the market, pharmacies and hospitals,so as to ensure the quality and safety of the traditional Chinese medicines.