An efficient,rapid and microwave-accelerated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for extraction and pre-concentration of some organophosphorus pesticide residues from aqueous samples |
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Affiliation: | 1. Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;2. Department of Physics, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;3. Department of Semiconductors, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj 3177983634, Iran;4. Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran;1. Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;1. Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;2. Faculty of Science, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | In this paper, microwave-accelerated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction/preconcentration of some organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples prior to their analysis by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. In this method, temperature of a high volume of aqueous sample is elevated by a microwave oven and then a mixture of extraction and disperser solvents is rapidly injected into the aqueous phase. After cooling to room temperature, the phase separation is accelerated by centrifuging. The main experimental factors affecting performance of the method including type and volume of the extraction and disperser solvents, temperature, pH, and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method resulted in low limits of detection and quantification within the ranges of 0.65–1.3 and 2.2–4.5 μg L−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations were in the range of 2–7% (C = 40 or 100 μg L−1) for intra-day (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of the target analytes in surface water and well water and fruit juice samples; diazinon was determined at μg L−1 level in apple juice. |
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Keywords: | Microwave-accelerated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction Food analysis Food composition Gas chromatography Organophosphorous pesticides Sample preparation Fruit juice Aqueous sample |
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