The clinicopathologic significance of estrogen receptors in human gastric carcinoma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;3. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;4. Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China;2. Bionic and Micro/Nano/Bio Manufacturing Technology Research Center, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston 02215, USA;1. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA;3. Institute of Ionosphere, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine;4. Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru;5. Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Rostock University, Germany;6. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA;7. Center for Geospace Studies SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, USA;8. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA;1. State Civil Servant Hospital (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil;2. Oncology/Hematology Discipline, ABC Medical School, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil;1. School of Aeronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain;2. Gamesa Innovation and Technology S.L., Madrid, 28043, Spain;3. TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad, 500075, India |
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| Abstract: | In most populations, gastric cancer (GC) is approximately two times more prevalent in men than in women, which may suggest the protective role of sex steroid hormones in gastric carcinogenesis. Steroid hormones such as androgens and estrogens can be synthesized not only in the gonads but also in peripheral tissues. Many researchers have conducted studies examining the expression profile of enzymes involved in steroid synthesis, the occurrence of estrogen receptors (ERs) and the influence of ERs in the development, proliferation and progression of gastric cancer. Some studies have also evaluated the relationship between the presence of ERs and survival prognosis. However, the results of these studies are often controversial and divergent. In a recent study, it was indicated that sex steroid hormones and estrogen receptors are partly involved in gastric cancer but their clinicopathological significance still needs further investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Gastric cancer GPR30 Estrogen receptors |
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