Essential and non-essential elements in Brazilian infant food and other rice-based products frequently consumed by children and celiac population |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil;2. Agilent Technologies, 06460-040 Barueri, SP, Brazil;3. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France;2. Anses, Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France;1. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Grupo de Pesquisa em Química e Quimiometria, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;2. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil;3. Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Química, Rodovia Dourados, Itaum Km 12, Bairro Aeroporto, 79804-970 Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;1. Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici Napoli, Italy;2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy;3. Environment and Primary Prevention Department, Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 299-00161 Rome, Italy;4. Veterinary Public Health Department, Foodborne Zoonoses Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299-00161, Rome, Italy;1. Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Ipen/CNEN-SP Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil;2. Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, 09210-580, SP, Brazil;3. Clima Temperado (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA, Rodovia BR 392, km 78, Pelotas, 96010-971, RS, Brazil;4. Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Rice and its derivatives are important source of essential and non-essential elements. Essential elements as cobalt (Co) and selenium (Se) are vital for human homeostasis. However, non-essential elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) may be present in rice-based food and consequently, people can be exposed—especially children and the celiac population. This study aimed to determine essentials and non-essentials elements in rice-based products and baby food and also to evaluate nutritional risk by estimating the daily intake of non-essential elements. Regarding essential elements, Co and Se presented the highest concentrations in rice flour (56 μg kg−1) and porridge (254 μg kg−1), respectively. For non-essential elements, the highest concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were 104 μg kg−1 (porridge), 16 μg kg−1 (flour), and 188 μg kg−1 (bread), respectively. Total As concentration in Brazilian rice-based baby food was <29 μg kg−1. However, As-speciation revealed inorganic-As (i-As) as the main specie. The highest estimated daily intake of Cd, Pb and i-As were 1.37 (rice-based baby food); 10.39 (pasta); and 3.34 (pasta) μg d−1, respectively. Therefore, continuous food monitoring for nutritional and toxicological purpose is necessary, especially concerning these particular populations and discussions for maximum levels of non-essential elements. |
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| Keywords: | Food analysis Food composition Baby food Arsenic speciation Celiac Daily intake Rice HPLC-ICP-MS |
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