Inflammatory markers are associated with decreased psychomotor speed in patients with major depressive disorder |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Duffel, Belgium;2. Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;3. Adult Psychiatry Department and Institute of Neuroscience, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium;4. Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium;5. Department of Statistics, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;6. Department of Mood Disorders and Electroconvulsive Therapy, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;7. Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
| |
| Abstract: | Previous data have demonstrated that administration of inflammatory cytokines or their inducers leads to altered basal ganglia function associated with reduced psychomotor speed. Decreased psychomotor speed, referred to clinically as psychomotor retardation, is a cardinal symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been associated with poor antidepressant treatment response. We therefore examined the association between plasma inflammatory markers and psychomotor speed in ninety-three un-medicated patients with MDD. Psychomotor speed was assessed by a range of neuropsychological tests from purely motor tasks (e.g. movement latency and finger tapping) to those that involved motor activity with increasing cognitive demand and cortical participation (e.g. Trails A and Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST)). Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship of inflammatory markers and psychomotor task performance controlling for age, race, sex, education, body mass index, and severity of depression. MDD patients exhibited decreased psychomotor speed on all tasks relative to normative standards. Increased IL-6 was associated with decreased performance on simple and choice movement time tasks, whereas MCP-1 was associated with decreased performance on the finger tapping task and DSST. IL-10 was associated with increased performance on the DSST. In an exploratory principle component analysis including all psychomotor tasks, IL-6 was associated with the psychomotor speed factor. Taken together, the data indicate that a peripheral inflammatory profile including increased IL-6 and MCP-1 is consistently associated with psychomotor speed in MDD. These data are consistent with data demonstrating that inflammation can affect basal ganglia function, and indicate that psychomotor speed may be a viable outcome variable for anti-inflammatory therapies in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders with increased inflammation. |
| |
| Keywords: | Depression Cytokines Chemokines Inflammation Cognition Psychomotor speed |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
