汶川地震颅脑损伤伤员的流行病学特征及救治特点

目的 分析汶川地震德阳市灾区颅脑损伤伤员的流行病学特征和救治特点,为提高颅脑损伤救治水平提供参考. 方法 对685例地震颅脑损伤伤员的年龄分布,颅脑损伤类型、受伤部位及救治特点进行分析. 结果 大批地震伤员中,颅脑损伤伤员数量位居第二,主要是轻型和中型颅脑损伤.受伤人群主要为青壮年.以头皮裂伤最多见,其次为颅骨骨折、硬膜外血肿.头皮裂伤没有明显的部位分布特征,而颅骨凹陷性骨折和硬膜外血肿则有明显的区域性分布:颅骨凹陷性骨折多发生于额和枕部,硬膜外血肿主要见于额颞部.大部分颅脑损伤伤员合并有其他部位损伤,以合并四肢骨折及骨盆骨折最多见. 结论 地震中应有自我保护意识和措施,才能减轻伤情和减少颅脑损伤的发生率.强化院前救治中呼吸道的管理,减少窒息的发生,以提高救治成功率.

Epidemiological features and treatment of brain injuries attributable to Chinese Wenchuan earthquake

Objective To analyze the epidemiologieal features and treatment of brain injury in Chinese Wenchuan earthquake so as to provide the experiences for improving treatment level. Methods A total of 685 patients with earthquake-induced brain injury in the City of Deyang were collected to ana-lyze age, injury type, injury localization and treatment characteristics. Results Of large number of earthquake victims, the number of the patients with brain injury ranked the second place, mainly minor and moderate brain injuries involving scalp laceration for the most and skull fracture and extradural hema-toma for the next. As for the age distribution of the patients, young and middie-aged patients accounted for the most, for they were at school or at work when the earthquake happened. Obvious position distribu-tion features were found in depressed fracture of skull and extredural hematoma but not in the scalp lacera-tion. Depressed fracture of skull occurred mostly at forehead and occiput while extradural hematoma could be most seen at froutotemple. Most brain injuries were combined with other injuries. Mainly extremity and pelvic fractures. Conclusions Self-protection sense and measures during earthquake are very important for decreasing incidence and severity of brain injuries. The management of rospimtory tract in prehospital care should be strengthened to avoid asphyxia and hence raise the success rate of treatment.