浙江省德清县中学生眼屈光不正及相关因素的流行病学调查

 目的 调查浙江省德清县13~18岁中学生近视发生情况以及相关影响因素。方法 随机抽取浙江省德清县在校中学生（n=1 363）进行屈光状态检查:视力表检查视力，电脑验光（未使用睫状肌麻痹剂），IOL Master测眼轴长度、前房深度以及角膜曲率等。自制调查问卷以了解近视发生相关因素，包括每天在家学习、阅读课外书、看电视、玩电脑和户外活动时间以及父母屈光状态等。结果 近视（等效球径≤-0.50 D）、远视（等效球径≥+0.50 D）以及散光（柱镜≤-0.50 D）的发生率分别为90.02%、1.83%和12.55%。学习、看电视及父母近视均与近视率呈正相关（P分别为0.015，0.000和0.001）；户外活动与近视发生率呈负相关（P=0.003）；玩电脑以及课外阅读与近视发生率间未见相关性。结论 浙江省德清县中学生的近视率高；长时间学习，看电视及父母近视是近视发生的危险因素；户外活动能够起到预防近视的作用。

An epidemiological survey of refractive error and associated factors among middle school students in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province,China

Objective To investigate the refractive error and associated factors among the middle and high school students aged 13-18 years in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, China. Methods A total of 1 363 students were randomly selected in the present study. The examination included visual acuity measurements, autorefraction under non-cycloplegia. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal curvature (CC) were measured by IOL Master. Information on associated factors for myopia (such as studying, extracurricular reading, watching television, playing computer games at home, outdoor activities and parental refractive status) were also obtained using a questionnaire. Results The prevalence of myopia (SE≤-0.50 D), hyperopia (SE≥+0.50 D) and astigmatism (CP≤-0.50 D) was 90.02%, 1.83% and 12.55%, respectively. Studying, watching television and parental myopia were possible risk factors for myopia (P=0.015, 0.000 and 0.001, respectively). There was no evidence that extracurricular reading and playing computer games related to myopia. Outdoor activities can protect students from myopia (P=0.003). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia was high in the middle school students of Deqing County. Studying, watching television and perental myopla were risk factors for myopia. Outdoor activities may prevent from the development of myopia.