麻痹性贝毒在广州市售经济贝类中污染状况分析

目的通过对广州市黄沙海产品批发市场7种经济贝类为期一年的麻痹性贝毒(PSP)污染状况的调查分析,了解海产品食用的安全性。方法毒性测定按照AOAC小白鼠法进行,成份分析利用高效液相色谱(HPLC),安全性评价采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)及我国渔政渔港监督管理局制定的贝类安全食用标准(4MUg肉)。结果在调查的84份贝样中,染毒贝整体毒力(消化腺与肉的加权平均毒力)低于4MUg肉,毒素最高含量仅为184MUg肉,所有贝类均在安全食用范围之内。染毒贝类主要为栉孔扇贝(ChlamysMimachlamysnobilis)和嵌条扇贝(Pectenalbicans)。毒素在2个种9份样品的消化腺中检出,某些样品肌肉组织出现小白鼠毒性反应。一份样品消化腺中毒素含量高达1452MUg,高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明,该样品毒素成份主要为B1、GTX23、GTX14及C类。结论广州市市售鲜贝PSP含量和检出率整体水平均较低;贝中消化腺毒素含量及检出率明显高于肌肉,个别腺体毒素含量超出标准。毒素分布存在季节性差异,春季毒素比较强,夏秋季检出率高。因此有针对性的加强贝毒监测非常必要。

Analysis of paralytic shellfish poison of bivalves in seafood market in Guangzhou

Objective The investigations of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) from Huangsha seafood market of Guangzhou was performed to assess the risk of PSP in bivalves. Methods The concentration and profiles of PSP toxins in bivalves were determined by mouse bioassay of AOAC and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The risk assessment of PSP in bivalves was conducted with FAO and Chinese Administration Organization of Fish Culture and Seaport. Results The content of PSP detected was lower than the safe standard (4MU/g meat) in all of the 84 samples, one of which had the highest toxicity with 1.84 MU/g muscle. These results suggested that the bivalves in seafood market was safe to feed. It was 9 samples' gland in 2 species that be detected to have PSP in the bivalves being researched, the muscles had few PSP. The concentration of PSP in one sample's gland exceeded the threshold of FAO (4MU/g) with 14.52MU/g meat,and the profiles of PSP in the gland were B1,GTX2/3,GTX1/4 and C according to HPLC. Conclusion These results suggested that both of the concentration and detection rate of PSP of bivalves in seafood market in Guangzhou were low as a whole, but the content and discovery rate of PSP were far higher in glands than in the muscles, and the PSP content in one gland exceeded the threshold of Standard. The levels of PSP contamination in shellfish was characteristic of season. The toxins level in shellfish were the maximum in spring, but the frequency of toxins detected in shellfish was higher in summer and autumn, so the detection and risk assessment of PSP in bivalves from seafood market was essential in the future.