湖南省晚期血吸虫病人分布现状与特点

目的查清湖南省晚期血吸虫病(晚血)的分布现状及流行病学特征,为制定晚血防治对策提供依据。方法制定全省晚血现况调查方案,确定调查内容、方法、晚血诊断标准,统一按方案要求开展调查。结果全省确定晚血5405例,较既往在册晚血减少了21.64%;新发现晚血占现有病例的16.21%;全省晚血患病率8.69/万。晚血病例中,湖沼型流行区占97.06%,山丘型占2.94%;未控制流行区占78.70%;传播控制区占15.64%;传播阻断区占5.66%。巨脾型占59.54%,腹水型占37.30%,结肠增殖型和侏儒型两型占3.16%,巨脾型病人已切脾者占52.24%。男性占77.39%;女性占22.61%。年龄最小者14岁,最大者90岁。50岁～、60岁～年龄组病例占65.18%;30岁～、40岁～、70岁～年龄组占32.73%;其余年龄组占2.09%。农民占87.58%,其他职业占12.42%。结论湖南省晚血患病率有下降趋势,但仍有不少新的晚血病例出现;晚血患者主要为湖沼地区的农民。

Distribution and characteristics of advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province

Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of advanced schistosomi-asis in Hunan Province in order to provide some references for policy making of the control program. Methods The survey scheme of advanced schistosomiasis was made out, in which investigation variables and diagnostic criteria were standardized. The survey was carried out in the whole province. Results There were 5 405 cases of advanced schistosomiasis, reduced by 21. 64% compared with the registration number in the previous files. The prevalence rate was 8. 69/10 000, of which 16. 21% was new cases, 97. 06% were distributed in lake regions and 2. 94% in hilly regions. Of total cases, 78. 70% was located in transmission areas, 15.64% in transmission controlled areas, and 5. 66% in transmission interrupted areas. Cases with splenomegaly made up 59. 4%, ones with ascitis 37. 30% and colonic granulomatous and dwarfism type 3. 16%. Male cases took up 77.39% and female ones 22.61%. In the splenomegaly type 52.24% of patients had performed splenectomy. The youngest case was 14 years old and the oldest 90 years old. Cases of 50-, 60- age group made up 65. 18%, and 32.7% of cases came from 30-, 40-, 70- age group and 2. 09% from the remaining age groups. Farmer took up 87. 58% of all occupations and others occupied 12. 42%. Conclusion The advanced schistosomiasis cases in Hunan Province are showing the falling tendency, although some new cases occur. The main advanced cases come from the farmer in lake regions.