髋臼双柱骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼双柱骨折的手术方法与效果.方法 自2001年4月至2006年12月,在手术治疗并获得随访的609例髋臼骨折中,其中双柱骨折193例,男147例,女46例;年龄34.4岁(19～75岁).合并股骨头软骨损伤37例,颅腩外伤31例,膀胱尿道损伤27例,胸腹脏器损伤68例,合并骨盆或(和)骶髂关节损伤59例,术前有坐骨神经损伤11例.损伤1周内手术者15例,1～2周121例,2～3周34例,超过3周者23例;采用单一髂腹沟入路4例,联合入路189例.结果 手术平均耗时238 min(150～330 min),术中失血平均为1453 mL(450～4400 mL).平均随访44.2个月(14～84个月),采用Matta的复位标准、x线评估标准以及改良的Merle d'Aubingne和Postel临床结果评分.复位结果:解剖复位168例,不满意复位17例,差8例;X线结果:优162例,良16例,一般8例,差7例;临床结果:优152例,良27例,一般9例,差5例.复位情况与临床结果及X线结果的Kendall相关系数分别为0.74和0.77.77例发生异位骨化,术后坐骨神经一过性麻痹3例. 结论联合人路能有效地显露双柱骨折,有利于前后的协同复位;髋臼顶部复位对恢复髋臼正常形态有着重要的作用;复位结果与I临床结果呈正相关,且与手术医牛的经验有关.

Operative treatment of bi-column acetabular fractures

Objective To probe into the operative techniques and clinical outcomes of treating bi-columnar acetabular fractures. Methods From April 2001 to December 2006, 609 cases undergoing operation for aeetabular fractures were followed up. Of them, 193 eases, 147 males and 46 females with an average age of 34.4 years, were of bi-columnar type. Their complications involved the articular cartilage of the femoral head in 37, eranioeerebral trauma in 31, injury to bladder and/or urethra in 27, injury to thorax and/or abdomen in 68, injury to pelvis and/or sacroiliac joint in 59, and injury to sciatic nerve in 11. The interval between injury and surgery was within 1 week in 15 cases, within 2 weeks in 121, within 3 weeks in 34, and beyond 3 weeks in 23. A single ilioinguinal approach was adopted for 4 cases and combined ap-proaches for 189. Results The mean operating time was 238 (150 to 330) minutes, and the blood loss averaged 1453 (450 to 4400) mL. The mean follow-up period was 44.2 (14 to 84) months. All the eases were evaluated by Matta reduction criteria, X-ray manifestations and the modified Merle d'Aubingne and Postel clinical scoring. One hundred and sixty-eight patients got anatomical reduction, 17 unsatisfactory reduction, and 8 poor reduction. The X-ray manifestations were excellent in 162 patients, good in 16, fair in 8, and poor in 7. The clinic results were excellent in 152 patients, good in 27, fair in 9, and poor in 5. The Kendall coefficient correlation between reduction and clinical outcome and that between reduction and X-ray manifes-tation were 0.74 and 0.77, respectively. Ectopic ossification happened in 77 eases and transient post-operative sciatic nerve paralysis occurred in 3. Conclusions The combined approaches facilitate exposure and synergetie reduction of the bi-colunmar fractures of acetabulum. Reduction of the acetabular roof is essential to restoration of the normal contour of the acetabulum. Reduction bears a positive correlation to the clinical results as well as experience of surgeons.