2000 ～ 2004年全国血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

目的 分析全国21个血吸虫病疫情监测点2000~2004年的疫情,掌握各监测点的疫情变化趋势。方法 根据《全国血吸虫病疫情监测点方案》,对上述监测点疫情进行纵向观察。结果 有6个监测点居民血吸虫感染率呈下降趋势,2个监测点活螺密度和感染螺密度逐步下降,但多数监测点的螺情仍未得到有效控制。大部分监测点的耕牛感染率各年间有起伏,且居高不下。5年间每年均有急性血吸虫病例发生,但晚期血吸虫病病例数无明显变化。在已消灭地区的上海市金山区枫泾监测点未发现新病例及阳性钉螺。结论 采取选择性人畜化疗、易感地带灭螺等常规防治措施控制血吸虫病病情可取得一定成效,但应长期坚持。而对钉螺和耕牛的监测和控制需进一步加强。

National Surveillance of Schistosomiasis in China from 2000 to 2004

Objective To specify the trends of endemic situation among twenty one national surveillance sites for schistosomiasis from 2000 to 2004. Methods According to the national surveillance protocol, longitudinal surveillance on endemic situation of schistosomiasis was carried out at twenty-one sites since 2000. Results The infection rate of Schistosoma japonicum declined in six of the twenty-one surveillance sites. The density of living snails and of infected snails decreased in two sites but not well controlled in most other sites. The prevalence in cattle fluctuated yearly in most sites and maintained at a relatively high level. During the surveillance period, acute eases were found annually and the number of advanced patients did not increase significantly. No new case and infected snails were found in Jinshan, Shanghai, since 2000, where transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted two decades ago. Conclusion Routine control strategies such as selective chemotherapy combined with livestock chemotherapy, snail control in risk areas have a positive impact on the control of schistosomiasis. However, these strategies should be lasted for longer time and the surveillance on snails and cattle should be continued.