体外循环术中自体血洗涤回输对机体红细胞免疫及肾功能的影响

目的探讨体外循环心脏直视手术中自体血洗涤回输对机体红细胞免疫及肾功能的影响。方法32例心脏瓣膜置换患者,分为自体血洗涤回输实验组及体外循环剩余机血、库存红细胞回输的对照组(各16例)。体外循环术中采用血液处理机将失血回收、洗涤处理后回输。分别于术前,术后12 h、24 h、72 h及7 d抽取肝素抗凝的外周静脉血,比较两组红细胞免疫功能即红细胞C3b受体花环率(C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBCICR),血浆游离血红蛋白含量(FHB),尿蛋白,肌酐清除率(Ccr)。记录两组术后输注的库存红细胞及血浆量。结果(1)实验组术后12、24、72 h,7d RBC-C3bRR(14．3％±4．7％、15．9％±3．6％、16．6％±2．8％、19．9％±4．1％),RBC-ICR (8．7％±1．9％、9．2％±2．0％、9．5％±2．6％、12．0％±2．0％)均明显高于对照组RBC-C3bRR (10．7％±2．4％、11．3％±3．0％、12．3％±3．5％、14．5％±2．0％),RBC-ICR(5．9％±1．4％、6．0％±1．8％、7．0％±1．7％、8．7％±2．7％),受损红细胞免疫功能恢复较快,明显优于对照组(均P< 0．05)。(2)实验组术后12 h,24 h FHB(0．41g／L±0．13 g／L、0．03 g／L±0．02 g／L)明显低于对照组(1．02 g／L±0．23 g／L、0．54 g／L±0．09 g／L)(P<0．01),术后24 h尿蛋白(0．19 g／d±0．08 g／d)明显低于对照组(0．32 g／d±0．07 g／d,P<0．05)。(3)实验组术后24 h肌酐清除率(68 ml·min-1·1．73 m-2±10 ml·min-1·1．73 m-2)明显高于对照组(45 ml·min-1·1．73 m-2±4 ml·min-1·1．73 m-2,P<0．01)。(4)实验组术后输库存红细胞量(2．0 U±1．1 U)明显低于对照组(7．4 U±2．3 U, P<0．01)。结论体外循环术中自体血洗涤回输后在促进机体受损红细胞免疫功能的恢复和减少对肾功能损害方面明显优于回输体外循环剩余机血和库存红细胞。

Effects of blood washing and autotransfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass on erythrocyte immune and kidney function

OBJECTIVE: To study changes of erythrocyte immune and kidney function after autotransfusion washed red blood cells during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Thirty-two patients undergoing valve replacement with CPB were randomly divided into study group and control group (16 in each group). In study group, the blood in operative field and the residual blood in the extracorporal machine were collected, centrifuged, washed and retransfused to patients. Patients in control group were transfused with the residual blood in the extracorporal machine without any disposal or banked blood. All patients were used with membrane oxygenator. Before CPB, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 d after CPB, whole blood were taken, then the erythrocyte immune function (C3bRR, RICR) and level of plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) were assayed, and post-operation renal function was compared between the two groups. Moreover, total volume of banked blood transfused to patients after CPB was recorded. RESULTS: (1) After 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days of CPB, the RBC-C3bRR (14.3% +/- 4.7%, 15.9% +/- 3.6%, 16.6% +/- 2.8%, 19.9% +/- 4.1%) and RBC-ICR (8.7% +/- 1.9%, 9.2% +/- 2.0%, 9.5% +/- 2.6%, 12.0% +/- 2.0%) in study group were significantly elevated than that in control group (RBC-C3bRR 10.7% +/- 2.4%, 11.3% +/- 3.0%, 12.3% +/- 3.5%, 14.5% +/- 2.0%, RBC-ICR 5.9% +/- 1.4%, 6.0% +/- 1.8%, 7.0% +/- 1.7%, 8.7% +/- 2.7%). The erythrocyte immune function after CPB was better and restored faster in study group than that in control group (P < 0.05 in all). (2) After 12 hours, 24 hours of CPB, the levels of FHB (0.41 g/L +/- 0.13 g/L, 0.03 g/L +/- 0.02 g/L) in study group were significantly lower than that in control group (1.02 g/L +/- 0.23 g/L, 0.54 g/L +/- 0.09 g/L) (P < 0.01). After 24 hours of CPB, the level of urinary protein excretion (0.19 g/d +/- 0.08 g/d) in study group was significantly lower than that in control group (0.32 g/d +/- 0.07 g/d) (P < 0.05). (3) After 24 hours of CPB, the level of 24 h creatinine clearance was significantly elevated in study group (68 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2) +/- 10 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)) than that in control group (45 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2) +/- 4 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)) (P < 0.01). (4) The total volume of banked RBCs transfused after CPB were fewer in study group (2.0 U +/- 1.1 U) than that in control group (7.4 U +/- 2.3 U) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Autotransfusion of washed red blood cells during CPB may improve significantly the erythrocyte immune function and protect kidney function better than transfusion of residual blood in the extracorporal machine or banked blood.