Maternal plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid levels during pregnancy and childhood lipid and insulin levels |
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Authors: | A.J. Vidakovic V.W.V. Jaddoe T. Voortman H. Demmelmair B. Koletzko R. Gaillard |
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Affiliation: | 1. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;4. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children''s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, München, Germany |
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Abstract: | Background and aimsMaternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are associated with cord blood lipid and insulin levels. Not much is known about the influence of maternal PUFAs during pregnancy on long-term offspring lipid and insulin metabolism. We examined the associations of maternal plasma n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels during pregnancy with childhood lipid and insulin levels.Methods and resultsIn a population-based prospective cohort study, among 3230 mothers and their children, we measured maternal second trimester n-3 and n-6 PUFA plasma levels. At the median age of 6.0 years (95% range, 5.6–7.9), we measured childhood total-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin and c-peptide levels. Higher maternal total n-3 PUFA levels, and specifically DHA levels, were associated with higher childhood total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels (p-values <0.05), but not with LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Maternal total n-6 PUFA levels were not associated with childhood outcomes, but higher levels of the individual n-6 PUFAs, EDA and DGLA were associated with a lower childhood HDL-cholesterol, and higher AA levels with higher childhood total-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels (all p-values <0.05). A higher maternal n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was only associated with lower childhood HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels (p-values <0.05). These associations were not explained by childhood body mass index.ConclusionsHigher maternal total n-3 PUFAs and specifically DHA levels during pregnancy are associated with higher childhood total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels. Only individual maternal n-6 PUFAs, not total maternal n-6 PUFA levels, tended to be associated with childhood lipid and insulin levels. |
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Keywords: | Polyunsaturated fatty acid Pregnancy Lipid level Insulin level Children Cohort |
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