海南地区百岁老人居家安全环境的现状调查

目的 了解海南地区百岁老人的居家安全环境现状,为百岁老人的健康教育及疾病预防提供科学的依据.方法 采用一般资料问卷和居家环境安全评估量表于2016年6月10日至2016年7月31日对80户家庭80位百岁老人的居家环境进行入户调查.结果 海南地区百岁老人的居家安全环境总体得分为(36.16±17.74)分,各维度得分均较低.在整体环境方面,非常杂乱者得分为(11.83±6.82)分,低于较杂乱者的(17.89±9.31)分、一般者的(19.14±7.65)分和较整洁者的(27.80±7.30),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).在浴室环境方面,独居者得分为(3.50±2.56)分,低于四代同堂者的(7.63±4.07)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);人均居住面积≤20 m2者得分为(4.95±3.82)分,低于人均居住面积50~100 m2者的(9.38±4.96)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 海南地区百岁老人的居家安全环境并不理想,应积极采取健康宣教、改善居住环境、引入社会资源等措施,以改善海南地区百岁老人居家安全环境,提高百岁老人的健康水平.

Investigation of home safety environment of centenarians in Hainan province

Objective To investigate the status of the home security environment of centenarian in Hainan province, and provide the scientific basis for the health education and the primary prevention of disease. Methods The general data questionnaire and home environment safety assessment scale were used to investigate the home environ-ment of 80 centenarians in 80 families from June 10, 2016 to July 31, 2016. Results The overall score of home security environment of centenarians in Hainan was (36.16±17.74), and the score of each specific project were lower. In the over-all environment, the scores for the very messy centenarians was (11.83±6.82) points, which was significantly lower than (17.89±9.31) points, (19.14±7.65) points and (27.80±7.30) points, respectively, for the messy, general and more neat cen-tenarians (P<0.05). In the bathroom environment, the score of solitary centenarians was (3.50 ± 2.56) points, which was significantly lower than (7.63±4.07) points of the centenarians of four generations under one roof (P<0.05). The score of centenarians with per capita living space ≤20 m2 was (4.95 ± 3.82) points, which was significantly lower than (9.38 ± 4.96) points of centenarians with per capita living space 50-100 m2 (P<0.05). Conclusion The safe home environment of centenarians in Hainan province is not ideal. In order to improve the home security environment of centenarians and the health level of centenarians in Hainan, we should actively adopt health education, improve the living environment and introduce social resources.