黔西北部分地区燃煤型氟中毒流行现状调查

目的了解和掌握黔西北部分地区燃煤型氟中毒(地氟病)的流行现状,探讨地氟病防治措施。方法测定3个氟中毒重病村居民家中的煤、饮水、玉米、辣椒和茶叶中的氟水平;调查化落、马家庄村儿童和成人氟斑牙患病率、居民氟中毒患病情况及尿氟水平。结果化落、马家庄、偏坡寨3个村煤氟分别为107.8、104.1、117.6mg/kg,饮水氟为0.12、0.14、<0.05mg/L,玉米氟为30.6、33.4、49.8mg/kg,辣椒氟为513.1、342.6、281.0mg/kg;化落和马家庄村成人和儿童氟斑牙检出率均高于96.90%,成人临床氟骨症检出率分别为75.43%和60.52%,成人尿氟分别为4.98、和3.44mg/kg。结论3个调查点煤氟相对较低,玉米和辣椒氟较高,尿氟偏低,但居民氟中毒的病情严重,这与病区居民长期生活和饮食习惯有关。因此,在病区深入开展健康教育,提高居民的防病意识,是当前防治地氟病工作的重中之重。

Investigating the prevalent status on coal-burning pollution endemic fluorosis in some areas in north-western Guizhou

Objective To seek the possible means of controlling endemic fluorosis by studying the prevalent status of endemic fluorosis in north-western Guizhou. Methods Assaied fluoride contents in coal, drinking water, corn, chili and tea, investigated the prevalence of dental fluorosis and fluorosis and fluoride levels in urine in the local inhabitants. Results Fluoride content in coal of Hualuo, Majiazhuang and Pianpozhai was 107.8, 104.1 and 117.6 mg/kg, respectively; in drinking water of the three village was 0.12, 0.14 and < 0.05 mg/L, respectively; in corn of the three village was 30.6, 33.4 and 49.8 mg/kg, respectively; in chili of the three village was 513.2, 342.6 and 281.0 mg/kg, respectively. In Hualuo and Majiazhuang,the check out rates of dentel fluorosis were all over higher than 96.96%;and those of clinical skelatal fluorosis were 75.43% and 60.52%, respectively; and the urinary fluoride were 4.98 and 3.44 mg/L,respectively. Conclusions Fluoride levels in coal is relatively low in three investigated villages, and the higher fluoride contents are in the corn and chili,and fluorosis is very serious. The fluorine source is mainly from the clay used as adhesive,it is the new characteristics in the endemic fluorosis area.