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Exogenous reinfection in experimental airborne tuberculosis
Authors:J E Ziegler  M L Edwards  D W Smith
Affiliation:1. Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, United Kingdom;2. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore;1. Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India;2. Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Southport, PR8 6PN, UK;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, Mathura Road, 110076, New Delhi, India;1. College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq;2. College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq;3. College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq;4. College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq;5. College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq;6. College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq;7. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Medicine, Therapeutics and Dermatology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya;2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom;3. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;4. National TB Control Program, Common Unit (HIV,TB,Malaria), Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan;5. Université Marien Gouabi, Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Congo;6. Institute for Tropical Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany;7. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;8. Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia;9. Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;10. National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania;11. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania;12. Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania;13. Department of Bichemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India;14. Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa;15. Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa;p. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;q. Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA;r. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;s. Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa;t. Dept of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;u. Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Global Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;v. Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom;w. Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK;x. Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom;y. Institute of Global health, University College London, London, United Kingdom;z. Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;1. Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abstract:This study of experimental airborne tuberculosis in which guinea pigs were infected with tubercle bacilli of low and high virulence, provides no support for hypotheses suggesting that a second or third exposure to tubercle bacilli leads to an adverse effect on host response to the first infecting strain or to the reinfecting strain. The principal influence of the first infection was to protect against a subsequent infection. This protection was most evident as inhibition of the spread of bacilli from the lungs to the spleen. The first infection appeared to exert less influence on events at the site of reimplantation of organisms in the lungs.
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