儿童气管软化影像诊断进展

气管软化是指气管过度塌陷而导致气道异常的疾病,临床多表现为顽固性咳嗽及反复喘息。呼气相、吸气相气道横截面积变化≥50%为气管软化的诊断标准。目前,国内外普遍认为纤维支气管镜检查是诊断小儿气管软化的金标准,而近年来逐渐开始应用CT、MRI等无创性影像检查方法来评估气管支气管软化。就气管软化分类及影像诊断进展予以综述。

Diagnosis of tracheomalacia in children

Tracheomalacia (TM) is characterized by excessive airway collapsibility. The symptoms of TM have been described as chronic cough and recurrent respiratory infection. The standard definition requires reduction in cross-sectional area of at least 50% during expiration. Recently non-invasive modalities such as CT and MRI are available for assessing the airway dynamically. However, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy remains the“gold standard”for diagnosis. This article reviewed the research status of TM.