小儿发生手术压疮的危险因素分析

目的分析小儿发生手术压疮的危险因素,以期为提高护理质量提供依据。方法 2010年11月至2013年3月,便利抽样法选择解放军总医院1525例小儿手术患者为研究对象,研究其临床资料,分析引起术中压疮发生的相关危险因素。结果 1525例患儿中,术后受压部位出现反应性充血(压红)者共102例,占20.5%;其中39例患儿连续2个观察日同一部位出现压之不褪色的红斑,被诊断为Ⅰ期术中压疮,占6.06%。不同年龄、手术时间的患儿发生术后压疮的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术中低体温、进行体外循环患儿的压疮发生率高于术中体温正常、未进行体外循环者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应尽量缩短手术时间,减少低体温的发生,以降低患儿压疮的发生率。

Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Operation for Children

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pressure ulcers in operation for children,so as to provide evidence for improvement of quality of care. Methods The clinical data of 1525 children for surgery from November 2011 to March 2012 admitted to Military General Hospital were retrospectively investigated and all related risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers during operation were analyzed. Results Among the 1525 children undergoing operation, reactive hyperemia appeared on postoperative compression parts in 102 children,accounting for 20.5%. And 39 children, who had colorfast erythema in the same location for two consecutive days of observation, were diagnosed with phase I intraoperative pressure ulcer,accounted for 6.06 %. Incidence of postoperative pressure ulcer were statistically significant for children with different age and operation time （P〈0.05）. The incidence of pressure ulcers in children with intraoperative hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly higher than children with normothermia and non--bypss. Conclusion The main point to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in children is to shorten operation time, so as to reduce the incidence of hypothermia and pressure ulcers.