Clinical and forensic signs related to ethanol abuse: a mechanistic approach |
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| Authors: | Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Teresa Magalhães Roxana Moreira Jorge Brandão Proença Helena Pontes Agostinho Santos |
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| Affiliation: | 1. IINFACTS -- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences – North, CESPU, CRLGandraPortugal;2. Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPortoPortugal;3. Center of Forensic Sciences (CENCIFOR)CoimbraPortugal;4. REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of PortoPortoPortugal;5. Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPortoPortugal;6. National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesI.P., North BranchPortugal;7. Biomedical Sciences Institute “Abel Salazar”, University of PortoPortoPortugal;8. REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of PortoPortoPortugal |
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| Abstract: | For good performance in clinical and forensic toxicology, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms related to xenobiotic exposure since they will assist clinicians to reach a useful and rapid diagnosis. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic imaging related to ethanol abuse. Here, signs that may lead to suspected ethanol abuse, but that are not necessarily related to liver disease are thoroughly discussed regarding its underlying mechanisms. This includes flushing and disulfiram reactions, urticaria, palmar erythema, spider telangiectasias, porphyria cutanea tarda, “paper money skin”, psoriasis, rhinophyma, Dupuytren’s contracture, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (lipomatosis Lanois–Bensaude, Madelung’s disease), pancreatitis-related signs, black hairy tongue, gout, nail changes, fetal alcohol syndrome, seborrheic dermatitis, sialosis and cancer. |
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| Keywords: | Ethanol black hairy tongue Dupuytren’s contracture fetal alcohol syndrome porphyria cutanea tarda psoriasis rhinophyma spider telangiectasias |
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