婴幼儿和成年患者活体肝移植术中顺阿曲库铵的药效学

目的 探讨婴幼儿和成年患者活体肝移植术中顺阿曲库铵的药效学.方法 选择2008年7月至2008年12月在本院拟行成人-成人,成人-小儿活体肝移植受体患者26例,年龄7个月～64岁,体重6～80 kg,性别不限,Child-Push评分7～10分,肝功能Child分级B或C级,ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级,按年龄分为成人组(A组,n=16),年龄≥18岁;婴幼儿组(B组,n=10),年龄≤2岁.麻醉诱导时顺阿曲库铵用量为0.1 mg/kg,T1达最大抑制时气管插管.于无肝前期吊式拉钩固定后、无肝期门静脉及腔静脉阻断后、新肝期胆道吻合后分别暂停使用顺阿曲库铵,待T1恢复至基础值的75%时重新开始使用.各期待T1恢复至基础值的25%或TOF出现4个反应时追加顺阿曲库铵0.03 mg/kg.记录麻醉诱导时肌松起效时间、给药间隔时间、临床肌松有效作用时间、恢复指数,并评价气管插管条件.结果 与A组比较,B组麻醉诱导时顺阿曲库铵肌松起效时间延长,各期恢复指数缩短(P<0.01),气管插管条件满意率、给药间隔时间和临床肌松有效作用时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 顺阿曲库铵0.1 mg/kg可为行活体肝移植术的婴幼儿和成年患者提供满意的气管插管条件,肌松起效快,恢复迅速,无蓄积;婴幼儿较成年患者顺阿曲库铵肌松起效时间延长,肌松恢复加快.顺阿曲库铵可用于不同年龄和不同肝功能状态的患者.

Pharmacodynamics of cis-atracurium in adults and children undergoing live donor liver transplantation

Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamics of cis-atracurium after a single bolus injection in adults and children undergoing live donor liver transplantation during preanhepatic,anhepatic and neohepatic phase.Methods Twenty-six ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients aged 7 months-64 yr,werghing 6-80 kg of beth sexes undergoing live donor liver transplantation were assigned to one of 2 groups:group A adults (n=16) and group B children(n=10).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 3-5 μg/kg in both groups and propofol TCI (Cp 3μg/ml) in adults.As soon as the patients lost consciousness,tracheal intubation was facilitated with 2×ES95 of cis-atracurium (0.1 mg/kg).The intubation condition wag recorded.The response of the adductor pollicis to TOF stimulation of the ulnar nerve was recorded (TOF-Guard).An increment of cis-atracurium 0.03 mg/kg was given when T1 returned to 25% of baseline value or the four twitches appeared.Cis-atracurium administration and sevoflurane inhalation were stopped before the three phases and resumed when T1 reached 75% of baseline value.The onset time,mterval between the 2 cis-atracurium administrations,duration of clinical action and recovery of neuromuscular block were recorded.The intubation condition was evaluated.Results The onset time was significantly shorter in adults than in children.There was no significant difference in intubation condition between the 2 groups.The interval between the 2 cis-atracurium administrations and duration of clinical action were similar during the 3 phases in adults and significantly shorter during neohepatic phase than during anhepatic phase in children.The recovery was faster in children than in adults.Conclusion Cis-atracurium 2×ED95 (0.1 mg/kg)can be used for both adults and children undergoing live donor liver transplantation.The onset time is longer and recovery is faster in children than in adults.Cis-atracurium is suitable for patients of different ages and liver function.