钙基型煤固氟效果实验研究

目的在燃煤型地方性氟中毒病区,研究钙基固氟剂对燃煤中的氟固氟效果。方法在高氟煤中加入适宜比例钙基固氟剂制成型煤,将高氟煤中的氟固定在煤渣中,减少其在空气中的释放;同时测定型煤中各组分和煤渣中的氟含量以及室内空气中氟化物、二氧化硫和PM10的浓度,评价钙基固氟剂的固氟效果及室内空气污染物水平。结果在贵州省贵定县燃煤型氟中毒地区进行30户中试燃煤固氟效果研究,钙基固氟剂平均固氟效率为71.8%;实验组室内空气中氟化合物平均浓度为0.0052mg/m3,与对照组比下降27.8%,低于环境空气质量标准(0.007mg/m3);SO2平均浓度为0.67mg/m3,与对照组比下降52.8%,稍高于室内空气质量标准(0.5mg/m3)。结论使用钙基固氟剂制成的型煤可以减少燃用高氟煤导致的氟污染,改善室内空气污染状况。

A experimental study on the effect of fluorine capture of calcium based coal briquette

Objective To study on the fluorine capture effect of calcium based coal briquette with fluorine capture additive in coal-burning fluorosis area. Methods Add proper proportions of calcium based fluorine capture additive in high fluorine coal for making coal briquette were added, and were added the fluorine in coal cinder in order to reduce its emission. Meanwhile, to determine the composes of coal briquette were added, the percentage of fluorine in coal cinder and the concertration of fluoride, sulfur dioxide and PM_(10) were determinated, to evaluate the effect of fluorine capture and the level of door air pollution. Result After pilot-scale studying on the effect of fluorine capture in 30 households at coal-burning fluorosis area in Guiding of Guizhou Province, The average fluorine capture rate were 71.8%, and the average concentration of fluoride were 0.0052mg/m~3 , which reduces by 27.8% in comparition with control group and were lower than environmental air quality standard (0.007mg/m~3 ); and the average concentration of SO2 were 0.67mg/m3 , which reduces 52.8% in comparition with control group and slightly higher than those of indoor air quality standard (0.5mg/m~3). Conclusion The application of the coal briquette made by calcium based fluorine capture additive could reduce the pollution caused by high fluorine coal, could improve the quality of indoor air.