Sex- and age-specific differences in the long-term prognostic value of morphological plaque features detected by coronary computed tomography angiography

BackgroundAlthough sex- and age-specific differences in coronary plaque features detected by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are known, insufficient information regarding the long-term prognostic value of these findings exists.MethodsA total of 1615 patients with suspected but not previously diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) were examined by CCTA and coronary plaque features were assessed. The median follow-up period was 10.5 (IQR 9.2–11.4) years. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used for the combined endpoint of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction.ResultsThe endpoint occurred more often in patients older than 65 years (5.66% vs. 2.05%; p = 0.00029) but similarly between female (3.34%) and male (3.07%) patients (p = 0.76). Both sexes displayed a similar prevalence for noncalcified (female vs. male: 0.77 ± 1.38 vs. 0.89 ± 1.41; p = 0.098) and low-attenuation (female vs. male: 2.6% vs. 4.37%; p = 0.096) plaques. As assessed by p for interaction CADRADS (p for interaction = 0.013), noncalcified plaques (p for interaction = 0.022) and low-attenuation plaques (p for interaction = 0.045) had a better primary endpoint association in women than in men. Concerning age, no difference in outcome association was apparent as evaluated by p for interaction.ConclusionCCTA demonstrates excellent long-term prognostic value irrespective of sex and age and independent from the higher prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in men and patients older than 65 years. Although similarly prevalent in both sexes, noncalcified and low-attenuation plaques exhibit a better prognostic value in women.