江西省1998-2007年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行趋势

目的 分析江西省1998-2007年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行趋势,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据.方法 对疫情信息监测管理系统的监测资料及流脑防治资料采用描述流行病学方法进行分析.结果 江西省自20世纪80年代推广使用A群流脑疫苗以来,流脑流行的周期性被打破,流脑发病率呈逐年下降趋势,但2004年以来有所波动;1998-2007年全省累计报告流脑病例595例,年均发病率为0.14/10万,年均死亡率为0.009 7/10万,病死率为6.89%;发病分布有明显的地区差异,大多数病例分布在山区和边远的农村;高发季节为冬春季,发病高峰是1-4月份,发病年龄以<15岁为主,占77.98%;健康人群带菌以B群为主,C群带菌率逐年上升;C群血清抗体水平较低,不足以建立免疫屏障.结论 近10年来,江西省流脑呈现发病率低,病死率高,分布广泛,发病具有明显的地域性、季节性和年龄高峰等特征.加强流脑菌群监测及疫情预测预报,切实做好A+C群流脑疫苗的预防接种和应急免疫工作,重视经济不发达地区和边山区人群的宣传教育,以控制流脑的发生和流行.

Prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Jiangxi province

Objective To analyze the prevalence trend of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(ECM) from 1998 to 2007 in Jiangxi province to provide basis for control strategy. Methods The supervision data from the epidemic surveillance sys-tem and case investigation data were analyzed. Results Overall,595 ECM cases were reported from 1998 to 2007. The av-erage annual incidence were 0. 14/100000. The average mortality rate 0. 0097/100000 and the average mobility was 6. 89%. The most of ECM cases was students (52. 27%), followed by remote rural and mountainous residents (23.02%). 77.98% of the ECM cases was below the age of 15 years. The high incidence seasons were winter and spring and the high incidence months were from January to April. Conclusion More attention should be given to the pathogen surveillance and antimicro-bial susceptibility test of meningococcal meningitis. The main strategies for controlling ECM are real-time supervision,rapid intervention, and responsive risk communication.