Immune defenses in the urinary tract |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;2. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;1. Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;1. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;2. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;1. Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France;2. Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France;3. Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A1STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore;4. Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore;5. Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China |
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| Abstract: | Recent advances in preclinical modeling of urinary tract infections (UTIs) have enabled the identification of key facets of the host response that influence pathogen clearance and tissue damage. Here, we review new insights into the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, and antimicrobial peptides in innate control of uropathogens and in mammalian infection-related tissue injury and repair. We also discuss novel functions for renal epithelial cells in innate antimicrobial defense. In addition, epigenetic modifications during bacterial cystitis have been implicated in bladder remodeling, conveying susceptibility to recurrent UTI. In total, contemporary work in this arena has better defined host processes that shape UTI susceptibility and severity and might inform the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for acute and recurrent UTI. |
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