吉林省0～5岁儿童出生缺陷抽样调查分析

目的：了解吉林省0~5岁儿童出生缺陷状况和分布特征，探讨出生缺陷干预对策。方法：采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，在吉林省东、中、西部区域共抽取15个县（市、区）的共90个乡（镇、街道）作为调查点，对各调查点于2008年10月1日0时-2013年9月30日24时出生的儿童进行回顾性调查。调查共收集吉林省0~5岁儿童样本48720例，剔除不合格样本291例，有效样本48429例。使用自行设计的儿童出生缺陷调查问卷进行调查，数据采用EpiData3.1软件进行数据录入，采用SPSS21.0统计软件进行统计学分析，儿童出生缺陷发生率组间比较采用χ²检验。结果：调查有效样本共48429例，发现出生缺陷患儿共517例，吉林省0~5岁儿童出生缺陷总发生率为10.68‰。男童出生缺陷发生率（11.52‰）高于女童（9.56‰）（χ²=83.768，P<0.01）。农村儿童出生缺陷发生率（11.87‰）高于城镇（9.64‰）（χ²=5.651，P=0.017）。出生缺陷发生率较高的前五位疾病依次为先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、先天性脑积水、唇裂并发腭裂和脊柱裂。结论：吉林省0~5岁儿童出生缺陷发生率在全国处于较低水平，出生缺陷发生率性别和城乡分布差异明显，先天性心脏病已成为吉林省首位高发出生缺陷。

Survey analysis on birth defects among children aged 0-5 years old in Jilin province

Objective: To investigate the situation and distribution characteristics of birh defects among the children aged 0-5 years old in Jilin province,and to discuss the intervention countermeasures of birth defects. Methods: The subjects were selected through multi-stage proportional cluster random sampling method.In the eastern,central and western regions of Jilin province,a total of 90 townships (towns,streets) in 15 counties (cities,districts) were selected as the survey sites.A retrospective study was conducted on all the children born from 1 October 2008 to 30 September 2013 in all the survey sites.A total of 48 720 samples were collected from 0-5 years old children in Jilin province,291 samples were excluded,and 48 429 were valid samples.The self-designed questionnaire was used for survey, Epi Data 3.1 software was used for the entry of data,SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for the statistical analysis.χ² test was used to compare the incidence of birth defects of the children. Results: There were 48 429 effective samples and 517 cases of them were defected children.The total incidence of birth defects of the children aged 0-5 years in Jilin province was 10.68 ‰. The incidence of boys(11.52‰) was higher than that of girls(9.56‰)(χ²=83.768,P<0.01).The incidence of birth defects of the children in countryside(11.87‰) was higher than that in town(9.64‰)(χ²=5.651,P=0.017).The top five kinds of diseases with high incidence of birth defects were congenital heart disease,polydactyly (toe),congenital hydrocephalus,cleft lip and cleft palate,and spina bifida. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects of the children aged 0-5 years old in Jilin province is at a low level,and the differences in the incidence of birth defects between genders and urban and rural is significant. Congenital heart disease has the highest detection rate in birth defects in Jilin province.