Interleukin-4 inhibits apoptotic cell death and loss of the bcl-2 protein in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells in vitro

Summary. When monoclonal B cells from B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) patients are cultured in vitro , they die by apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death occurred in the B cells from 20/24 B-CLL patients after 26–30 h in in vitro culture, with 14.3–59.0% (mean 33.6%) of their DNA being fragmented in ～180 base pair multimers. After 8–10 d culture, 90–100% of the B-CLL cells were dead. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were inhibited in the presence of 0.5–5 ng/ml human recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4) and viable monoclonal B cells could be maintained in culture up to 3 weeks. At 5 ng/ml. IL-4 reduced DNA fragmentation after a 26–30 h culture to 2.2–33.3% (mean 14.9%). IL-4 inhibited apoptosis without stimulating cell proliferation. In four patients the cells were resistant to apoptosis in vitro and they could be maintained for up to 4 weeks in culture medium alone. DNA fragmentation in all patients was increased in the presence of the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin-D. Western blot analysis of cell lysates showed expression of the bcl-2 protein in all 11 B-CLL patients studied. However, during culture, bcl-2 protein levels were preserved only in patients resistant to apoptosis and were reduced in those susceptible to apoptosis. Reduction of bcl-2 protein levels was inhibited in cells cultured in the presence of IL-4. These data offer an explanation for the difference between the long life in vivo and rapid death in vitro of B-CLL cells and indicate that IL-4 may participate in the extended survival of these non-dividing cells in vivo .