The peripartum human brain: Current understanding and future perspectives |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;4. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;5. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany;6. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany;7. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany;8. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Osianderstr. 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;9. LEAD Graduate Training & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Walter-Simon-Str. 12, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;1. LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences – Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;3. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;4. Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States;5. Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;2. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;3. Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 509 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;6. School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;1. Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom;3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;4. European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA;2. Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;3. School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK |
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| Abstract: | The peripartum period offers a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of how dramatic fluctuations in endogenous ovarian hormones affect the human brain and behavior. This notwithstanding, peripartum depression remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder. Here, we review recent neuroimaging findings with respect to the neuroplastic changes in the maternal brain during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We seek to provide an overview of multimodal neuroimaging designs of current peripartum depression models of hormone withdrawal, changes in monoaminergic signaling, and maladaptive neuroplasticity, which likely lead to the development of a condition that puts the lives of mother and infant at risk. We discuss the need to effectively integrate the available information on psychosocial and neurobiological risk factors contributing to individual vulnerability. Finally, we propose a systematic approach to neuroimaging the peripartum brain that acknowledges important co-morbidities and variation in disease onset. |
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| Keywords: | Peripartum depression Female mental health Neuroimaging Reproductive psychiatry MR PET |
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